Global Members hub

Canada is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. His Majesty King Charles III serves as Head of State, represented in Canada by the Governor General, who performs ceremonial duties such as opening Parliament and approving new laws.

In practice, executive power rests with the Prime Minister, currently Mark Carney, and the Cabinet, who oversee daily governance and national policy. The Parliament of Canada consists of two chambers: the elected House of Commons and the appointed Senate. The House debates and passes laws and holds the government accountable, while the Senate reviews legislation and represents regional and minority interests.

Canada’s political system is federal, meaning power is shared between national, provincial or territorial, and municipal governments. Each level is responsible for different areas such as health, education, and infrastructure.

For more information, please check out: Democracy in Canada - Democratic Institutions - Canada.ca

Canada’s economy grew by 1.5% in 2024, driven by strong population growth, steady business investment, and improving global conditions. Housing investment, however, remained weak, and high mortgage costs and elevated household debt continued to restrain consumer spending. The labour market weakened slightly, with unemployment rising to 6.5%, while inflation stabilised near 2%.

Trade with the United States, Canada’s largest trading partner, is central to the economy. Rising trade barriers and higher tariffs on goods and energy are expected to weigh on exports and investment, slowing GDP growth to 1.0% in 2025 and 1.1% in 2026. Headline inflation is likely to increase slightly, partially offset by lower energy prices, while core inflation is expected to remain above 2% before gradually easing.

Despite these challenges, Canada remains a valuable market. The Bank of Canada has reduced interest rates to 2.75%, with further modest cuts anticipated during 2025. Monetary easing is expected to support business investment and household spending as uncertainty declines. Government spending on housing affordability and new social programmes has increased the fiscal deficit from a 0.1% surplus in 2023 to 2.1% of GDP in 2024, though gradual improvement is expected over the projection period. Its banking system, and efforts to diversify trade beyond the US make Canada an attractive partner for UK businesses.

For more information, please check out: 

Canada: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

OECD Economic Surveys: Canada 2025 | OECD

Canada is one of the UK’s most important trade partners, ranking third in 2024 with $61 billion in goods and services trade. The UK is also Canada’s second-largest source of foreign investment, and many Canadian SMEs export to the UK. Both countries are influential in international bodies such as the G7, G20, NATO, OECD, and UN.

   The Canada-UK Trade Continuity Agreement (TCA), in force since 2021, guarantees permanent preferential access, including reduced tariffs, protections for investment, and easier services trade. A new Economic and Trade Working Group will address market barriers, expand digital trade, and support collaboration in areas such as critical minerals and AI infrastructure. For more information on what’s included in this agreement please check: Joint statement between the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the Prime Minister of Canada - GOV.UK 

Opportunities for collaboration are also growing across technology, clean energy and innovation. Joint work is underway in semiconductors, photonics, quantum technologies and AI. A $14.8m joint investment in biomanufacturing R&D will also support new skills and help businesses scale.

Please note: Canada has not yet ratified the UK’s accession to the CPTPP. UK businesses cannot trade under CPTPP terms with Canada until ratification is complete.

For more information, check: 

The UK and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) - GOV.UK

Canada-United Kingdom relations

      Aerospace: Canada has one of the world’s leading aerospace industries, centred in Ontario and Quebec. The sector is known for quality and reliability, which creates opportunities for firms to supply components, partner in manufacturing, or collaborate on research. Government incentives for R&D and Canada’s Aviation Climate Action Plan (net zero by 2050, sustainable aviation fuel by 2030) also create demand for expertise in low-emission technologies, hydrogen, and advanced materials.

     Infrastructure: Canada maintains a strong pipeline of public infrastructure projects, including major road and urban upgrades. UK firms are valued for technical knowledge and advisory services, giving them a competitive advantage in construction and project management contracts.

-        Food and drinks: Canada’s diverse consumer base is open to imports, with growing demand for organic, free-from, health-focused, and speciality products. British brands are already well recognised, offering opportunities in premium and niche categories such as convenience foods and religious-based goods.

For more information, please check out:

Food & Drink / Agriculture - Complex rules on food safety (e.g. Safe Food for Canadians Regulations), strict labelling, and different standards for meat and blood products. Quebec also restricts alcohol sales through delivery.

Automotive – Certification requirements and varying emission standards add costs for exporters.

Finance & Professional Services – Barriers include heavy regulation for insurers, high reinsurance collateral, and limited recognition of UK accountancy qualifications.

Energy & Technology – CSA certification is mandatory for electrical goods, while local recruitment rules in Quebec affect access to certain incentives.

Infrastructure & Construction – Delays at the Port of Montreal and short deadlines for tenders pose difficulties.

Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare – Medicines and medical devices face long approval times.

All Sectors – Domestic firms enjoy tax advantages compared to foreign exporters.

For more information, please check the DBT database: Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

Please also note that:

Canada is a federal state, so businesses must follow both federal and provincial rules. Most provinces use common law, but Québec follows civil law, which can make legal and regulatory requirements more complex for new exporters.

UK trademarks and patents are not automatically valid in Canada. Companies planning to sell there should apply for Canadian IP protection and can get guidance from the UK Intellectual Property Office and its overseas support network.

Canada is officially bilingual. English dominates outside Québec, but French is required for most business activity in Québec, including contracts, product information, and even business cards.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to Canada | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight Webinar, 07 January, 2026: Canada.

Mexico is a federal republic with a presidential system. Since October 2024, the country has been led by President Claudia Sheinbaum, the first woman to hold the office, representing the Morena Party. With Morena also holding a majority in Congress, the government has strong political support to advance its policy agenda.

The government consists of the President and a Congress made up of several political parties. While the President plays a leading role in national decision-making, Congress helps shape and review key laws and initiatives. In recent years, there has been a focus on improving public institutions and service delivery, aiming to make government processes more effective and responsive.

This structure maintains a balance of power between government branches while allowing the current administration to play a leading role in shaping national policy. 

For more information, check out: 

13_meetmexico-government.pdf

Presidency of the Republic | Government | gob.mx

Mexico’s economy grew by around 1.4% in 2024, lifted by strong exports to the United States and a gradual decline in inflation, which helped support household spending. Inflation fell to 4.8% in October 2024 and is expected to continue falling. The central bank began lowering interest rates as prices stabilised, while investment slowed after major infrastructure projects were completed and business confidence weakened amid policy uncertainty. Unemployment stayed low at about 2.7%, though job creation has softened, especially in manufacturing.

Looking ahead, growth is expected to slow to 0.4% in 2025 before rising slightly to 1.1% in 2026. Inflation is projected to fall further to around 3.3% in 2025 and 3.0% in 2026. The fiscal deficit, which reached about 5% of GDP in 2024, is expected to narrow to 3.5% in 2025 and 3.0% in 2026 as public investment is reduced. Mexico’s close trade relationship with the United States remains both an anchor for growth and a source of vulnerability. Trade tensions and global uncertainty may weigh on exports and investment, but progress in advanced manufacturing, renewable energy, and nearshoring could help strengthen the economy over the longer term.

Overall, Mexico faces a period of slower but more stable growth, as lower inflation and cautious policy adjustments set the stage for gradual recovery.

For more information, please check out: 

Mexico: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

Mexico: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

The UK and Mexico maintain a strong and growing bilateral relationship, with ongoing cooperation on trade, investment, and sustainability.

• Mexico is closely integrated with North America through the USMCA, giving it privileged access to both the US and Canadian markets. This makes it an important hub for regional and global trade.

• Both countries are working closely on green finance and renewable energy. Mexico issued the first sustainability-linked sovereign bond in the Americas and has set ambitious renewable energy targets, providing a strong foundation for collaboration on climate action and sustainable growth.

For more information, please check out: 

The UK and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) - GOV.UK

UK-Mexico - Free Trade Agreement - The UK’s Strategic Approach

Mexico - UK Summit 2025

Automotive & Advanced Engineering: Mexico’s proximity to the US and its strong trade agreements make it a key hub for automotive manufacturing and exports. The country produces over 4 million vehicles a year, yet still imports more than 80% of its machinery and equipment. As demand in Industry 4.0, robotics, and clean technologies increases, suppliers of advanced engineering solutions and low-carbon components are well positioned to support Mexico’s supply chain.

Food & Drink: Rising incomes and a growing middle class are changing Mexican consumer habits toward more premium, healthy, and convenient foods. Much of the country’s meat and specialty products are still imported, leaving space for international suppliers. Businesses that can deliver innovative or high-quality food and drink have a clear chance to grow in this market.

Education: Mexico has the second-largest education system in Latin America, with over 38 million students and rising demand for better outcomes. Interest in international degrees and English-language training continues to grow, while education technology is becoming essential for STEM learning and distance education. Businesses offering accessible platforms, content, and training services are well placed to meet these needs.

Life Sciences & Healthcare: Mexico’s pharmaceutical and medical device industries are large but rely heavily on imports, which make up nearly 90% of devices sold. There is strong demand for diagnostic tools, orthopaedics, prosthetics, and other innovative healthcare solutions. With private healthcare spending among the highest in Latin America, businesses offering reliable, cost-effective technologies and medicines can find strong opportunities.

Energy: Reforms in Mexico’s energy sector have opened the market to private investment, driving demand across electricity, infrastructure, and services. Solar and wind projects are expanding rapidly, while hydro, geothermal, and nuclear also remain important. UK expertise in renewables, smart grids, maintenance, and supply chain technologies is highly valued as Mexico works to diversify and modernise its energy system.

Financial & Professional Services: Mexico’s financial system is advanced but still has major gaps, with more than half the population unbanked. The country has one of the largest fintech ecosystems in Latin America, a growing focus on green finance, and reforms that expand pension fund investment. This creates opportunities for firms offering digital banking, payments, asset management, and sustainable finance solutions.

For more information, please check out: 

Exporting from the UK to Mexico | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Pharmaceuticals and medical devices
UK exporters in this sector may face delays and additional costs due to Mexico’s Health Technology Assessment (HTA) system, which lacks a fully clear and consistent framework for approving new medicines and medical equipment.

Product standards and certification
Even though the UK–Mexico FTA removes tariffs on most goods, exporters must still comply with Mexican safety and conformity rules. This may require extra certification, labelling, or testing, adding time and cost before products can reach the market.

Services regulation
While the FTA opens up opportunities for UK service providers, many activities are still subject to local regulations. Companies may need local licences, follow Mexican business rules, or meet nationality requirements that limit foreign ownership or service delivery.

Cross-sector issues
Mexico has strict rules on the use of product samples, which impact businesses across multiple industries. These regulations can make it harder for companies to showcase their products to potential clients, slowing the development of commercial relationships.

For more information, please check out:

Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

Trade with Mexico - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar 04 November 2026: Mexico, Caribbean

The United States is a federal republic made up of 50 states, with Washington, D.C. as its capital. The country has a long history of stable governance supported by strong institutions and regular elections.

The government is led by President Donald J. Trump and Vice President JD Vance, with power shared between the national and state levels. Congress creates and reviews laws, while the Supreme Court ensures they are applied fairly.

Each state manages many of its own affairs, including education, transport, and public safety, while the federal government handles national issues such as defence and foreign relations.

For more information, please check out: Our Government – The White House

The United States economy grew by about 2.8% in 2024, driven by strong consumer spending and government outlays, while inflation slowed to around 2.3% by October as energy prices fell and supply chains continued to recover from pandemic disruptions. Wages rose in real terms, supporting households, but higher tariffs and trade uncertainty weighed on business investment. Unemployment remained low at 4.2%, though job growth softened in sectors affected by policy changes and rising import costs.

Looking ahead, growth is expected to slow to 1.6% in 2025 and 1.5% in 2026. The slowdown reflects several factors: higher tariffs and retaliatory trade measures, which raise costs for businesses and consumers; slower net immigration, reducing the available workforce; and fiscal adjustments that limit government spending. Inflation is projected to rise to around 3.9% by the end of 2025 because of higher import prices, but it should ease again in 2026 as economic activity moderates. Large budget deficits, over 7.5% of GDP in 2024 and expected to exceed 8% by 2026, along with a rising debt-to-GDP ratio, add to fiscal pressures. Interest rate cuts, which began in late 2024, are likely to pause in 2025 before resuming gradually in 2026 to balance growth and price stability.

Overall, the United States faces a period of slower growth and higher inflation pressures, largely driven by trade and labor market changes, as well as fiscal challenges. However, gains in productivity and new technologies could help the economy stay resilient.

For more information, please check out:

United States: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

United States: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

As the two of the world’s largest economies, UK and the US remain closely linked through trade and investment.

However, Under Trump’s second administration, relations have been reshaped by new U.S. tariff measures and by negotiations that led, in May 2025, to a framework arrangement aimed at easing some of the pressure points. This package, called the Economic Prosperity Deal (EPD), is now central to how the UK and U.S. manage their trade ties.

Tariffs and the Economic Prosperity Deal: From January 2025, the Trump administration imposed a 10% baseline tariff on most imports, alongside 25% tariffs on steel, aluminium, and cars. These measures were also extended to UK goods. In response, both governments worked on the EPD to ease some of the burden:

• A quota was created allowing 100,000 UK-made cars to enter the U.S. at the lower 10% tariff rate; beyond that quota, the 25% duty still applies.
• UK steel is exempt from the 50% tariff increase recently introduced by the U.S. Both sides are working on arrangements to remove Section 232 tariffs entirely, which would mean most steel and aluminium products could enter tariff-free.
• UK farmers now have a quota to export up to 13,000 metric tonnes of beef to the U.S., with no changes to UK food standards.
• The UK has cut its tariff on U.S. ethanol imports to zero.
• The agreement provides the UK with preferential access to the U.S. market for pharmaceuticals, should new tariffs be introduced under ongoing U.S. investigations.

Although the EPD provides some short-term relief and areas of cooperation, it is important to note that a free trade agreement remains out of reach. For now, UK-US trade relations are shaped by partial agreements and ongoing disputes, rather than by a single, comprehensive framework.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to the United States | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

U.S.-UK Trade Relations: Background and Select Issues | Congress.gov | Library of Congress

Food and Drink: The U.S. is a key market for British food and drink. Its size, wealth, and diversity mean strong demand across many categories, and the business environment is relatively straightforward with manageable tariffs. Private-label sales are growing quickly, creating space for companies used to working in this area. Products such as English sparkling wine, artisan cheeses, and gin are gaining traction, alongside premium and niche goods that appeal to U.S. consumers looking for something different.

Technology: As the world’s largest technology market, the U.S. offers UK businesses huge scope to scale.  Current areas of focus include the rollout of 5G, smart cities, and Internet of Things solutions. There is also high interest in artificial intelligence across both the public and private sector, opening doors for firms developing advanced tech and digital services.

Healthcare and Life Sciences: The U.S. is the biggest healthcare market in the world, spending trillions of dollars each year on medical products, research, and innovation. This creates major opportunities for companies in pharmaceuticals, biotech, and MedTech. U.S. hospitals and health providers are particularly keen on tools that boost efficiency, such as AI-driven data analysis or advanced medical technologies.

For more information, please check out: Exporting from the UK to the United States | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Members can also explore opportunities by state in the U.S., with a downloadable PDF available here: From Miami to Seattle – Taking UK-US Trade Local

Local procurement preferences: Several states (e.g. Florida, Louisiana, New York, Wyoming, Hawaii) prioritise in-state suppliers for public contracts across sectors such as construction, printing, office supplies, and steel.

• Automotive regulations: U.S. vehicle safety standards and state-level emissions rules increase compliance costs and vary across markets.
• Professional licensing: Many professions (law, engineering, accountancy) require state-specific licences, which creates complexity for foreign businesses,
• Food and agriculture rules: Strict USDA and FDA requirements cover poultry, eggs, dairy, plant health, and labelling, while exporters must appoint a U.S.-based agent.
• Energy and environment: Local content rules apply in offshore wind projects; timber and wood products face additional reporting under the Lacey Act.
• Aerospace restrictions:  The Fly America Act limits access to federally funded flights, and foreign ownership rules restrict airline investment.

For more information, please check out:

Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight Webinar, 03 June 2026: United States

Germany is a federal parliamentary republic made up of 16 states (Länder). The head of state is President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, who performs mostly ceremonial duties. The head of government is Chancellor Friedrich Merz, who took office in May 2025, after his party (CDU/CSU) won the most seats in the February 2025 election and formed a coalition with the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

For more information, check out:

Structure and tasks

Germany’s economy stagnated in 2024, weighed down by high policy uncertainty, weak external demand, and cuts to public investment in green initiatives. GDP fell in the second quarter but recovered slightly in the third, driven by private and public consumption, though exports remained below 2023 levels. Inflation rose to 2.4% by October, with core inflation at 3.3%, yet rising wages helped maintain real incomes, while abour markets stayed robust, with low unemployment and high vacancies.

Looking ahead, GDP growth is projected at 0.4% in 2025 and 1.2% in 2026. Rising wages, low inflation, and lower domestic policy uncertainty will support private consumption, while investment will gradually increase, due to strong corporate savings, declining interest rates, and public investment in defence and infrastructure under reformed fiscal rules. Trade uncertainty, including higher US tariffs and global competition, will weigh on exports, particularly in manufacturing, although stronger global demand should provide some support. Headline inflation is expected to converge toward 2% by 2026, while core inflation remains elevated due to wage gains and rising domestic demand.

Overall, Germany’s recovery will be led by domestic consumption and investment, but external risks and structural challenges highlight the need for efficient public spending, infrastructure planning, and continued reforms to support long-term growth.

 For more information, please check out: 

Germany: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

The UK and Germany work closely across politics, defence, security, and economic cooperation, with the shared goal of boosting trade, investment, tourism, and tackling common security threats.

• This partnership was strengthened in July 2025 with the signing of the Treaty on Friendship and Bilateral Cooperation. Under Article 22 of the treaty, both governments agreed on 17 joint projects designed to strengthen cooperation and deliver benefits to citizens in both countries.
• Among these projects is a Strategic Science and Technology Partnership, which will see the UK and Germany collaborate on advanced fields such as quantum technology, AI, semiconductors, digital connectivity, space, fusion energy, and battery systems. The aim is to accelerate research, encourage faster adoption of new technologies, and build open, innovative business environments.
• Another initiative is a Business-Government Forum, which brings together UK and German companies with senior policymakers. The forum creates space for direct dialogue, helps identify opportunities for joint ventures, and allows both governments to benefit from the expertise of their business communities.

For more information, please check: 

Germany and the UK - GOV.UK

Friendship and Bilateral Cooperation Treaty: The 17 Projects the UK and Germany will deliver together - GOV.UK

Digital Transformation: Germany is prioritising digitalisation across industries, with many SMEs seeking external support to modernise. This is driving demand for expertise in AI, cyber security, fintech, health tech, and smart supply chain solutions. 

Manufacturing & Automation: German manufacturing faces pressure to become more efficient and data-driven. Factories are investing in robotics, sensors, and automation to cut costs and boost productivity. Companies specialising in advanced engineering, digital production systems, and industrial automation are well placed to enter the market.

Green Transition: Germany has set ambitious climate goals, aiming for 80% of its energy to come from renewables by 2030. Offshore wind, solar power, and hydrogen are central to this shift, creating new supply chain needs. Businesses can benefit by offering offshore engineering, smart grid technologies, hydrogen fuel cells, and innovative solar solutions.

Future Mobility: The automotive sector remains one of Germany’s most powerful industries, with heavy investment in electric, autonomous, and connected vehicles. This transition opens opportunities for companies that provide lightweight materials, battery innovation, vehicle connectivity software, and advanced engineering support.

Healthcare & Life Sciences: As Europe’s largest healthcare market, Germany is reforming to adopt more digital solutions. Demand is rising for telehealth platforms, medical devices, and pharmaceutical innovation. Businesses specialising in healthcare technology and life sciences are well positioned to partner with German organisations in meeting these needs.

Food & Drink: German consumers are increasingly choosing premium, organic, vegan, and “free-from” products, alongside a growing appetite for imported goods. This trend creates strong opportunities for producers of high-quality food and drink, including private-label products for German supermarkets.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to Germany | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight Webinar04 February 2026, Germany & Netherlands

France is a semi-presidential republic, where the President serves as head of state and the Prime Minister manages day-to-day government operations. The Parliament, made up of the National Assembly and the Senate, oversees lawmaking and ensures government accountability, with the National Assembly playing the leading role.

While France occasionally experiences social movements or protests, these are part of its democratic tradition and rarely disrupt long-term political or economic stability. As a founding member of the European Union, France maintains close alignment with EU regulations and standards, ensuring regulatory consistency and a reliable environment for investment and trade.

For more information, please check out:

Emmanuel Macron | Élysée

National Assembly ~ The deputies, the vote on the law, the French Parliament

Welcome to the english website of the French National Assembly - Assemblée nationale

In 2024, France’s economy grew modestly, with GDP rising 1.1%, mainly driven by strong demand from other countries and continued public spending. Domestic consumption picked up temporarily during the Olympic Games, and real wages began to recover as inflation eased to 1.6% by October, though services prices stayed high. Employment improved and labour shortages decreased overall, but remained in sectors like construction, hospitality, and agriculture. The fiscal deficit increased to 6.1% of GDP due to lower tax revenues and weaker returns from energy taxes, while public debt remained high.

Looking ahead, France’s growth is expected to slow to 0.6% in 2025 before recovering to 0.9% in 2026, weighed down by policy uncertainty, trade tensions, and weaker exports. Private consumption will remain the main driver, supported by moderate wage gains, lower inflation, and social transfers, while business and residential investment recover gradually. Inflation is expected to fall to 1.2% in 2025 and rise slightly to 1.7% in 2026. Structural reforms including boosting digital adoption, supporting SMEs, and improving labour market participation will be essential to strengthen long-term growth.

Overall, France’s economy will face modest growth with domestic demand supporting activity, but uncertainties from trade and policy pose significant risks.

For more information, please check out: 

France: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

France: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

The UK and France maintain a strong bilateral relationship, working closely on trade, industry, and strategic cooperation.

• Industrial Partnership: In July 2025, the UK and France launched the Industrial Strategy Partnership, linking the UK’s Modern Industrial Strategy 2025 with France’s France 2030 plan. Key focus areas include green energy, digital transformation, advanced manufacturing, and supply chain resilience.

• Practical Collaboration: Both countries are working together on projects to reduce industrial emissions, secure critical minerals, support SMEs in adopting AI, and improve supply chain security.

• Defence & Climate Cooperation: Leaders committed to modernising defence ties through Lancaster House 2.0, while expanding collaboration in cyber, nuclear, and space, as well as on climate change, clean energy, and low-carbon transport projects.

For more information, please check out: 

United Kingdom (GBR) and France (FRA) Trade | The Observatory of Economic Complexity

Joint Statement: UK-France Industrial Strategy Partnership - GOV.UK

UK-France Leaders Declaration - GOV.UK

Renewable Energy: France is expanding its renewable energy sector, with growing projects in offshore wind, biogas, and hydrogen. Government targets and annual tenders are creating steady demand for technology, services, and maintenance solutions. Companies offering expertise in green mobility and energy infrastructure have strong opportunities to support this growth.

Food & Drink: French consumers increasingly prioritise quality, health, and sustainability in their food choices. Demand is rising for convenience, vegan, low-sugar, and innovative private-label products. This creates opportunities for suppliers who can introduce new ingredients, formats, or healthier options that match local trends.

Advanced Manufacturing: France’s aerospace and automotive industries remain globally important, with companies such as Airbus, Renault, and Peugeot relying on international suppliers. Backlogs in aerospace orders and ongoing production needs are driving demand for high-quality materials, components, and engineering innovation. Businesses providing advanced manufacturing and R&D collaboration can access these opportunities.

Technology: France’s digital economy is expanding, supported by government investment in AI, cyber security, and quantum technologies. There is strong demand from both public and private sectors for advanced digital infrastructure and security solutions. Companies with expertise in AI applications, digital tools, or cybersecurity can benefit from this market.

Infrastructure: Large-scale projects like the Grand Paris Express are boosting investment in transport, housing, and urban development. This increases demand for construction expertise, smart-city solutions, digital planning tools, and sustainable building methods. Businesses with experience in these areas can participate in shaping France’s infrastructure growth.

Retail & Consumer Markets: France is the second-largest consumer market in Europe, with a strong luxury sector and growing online shopping. Trends toward sustainable fashion and digital purchasing are shaping consumer demand. Companies offering innovative, responsible, or e-commerce-ready products have clear opportunities to reach French consumers.

For more information, please check out: 

Exporting from the UK to France | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK.

Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

The Netherlands has a stable and well-functioning government supported by a strong legal framework, which provides a reliable environment for business and investment. The country operates as a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy, where the government and parliament work closely together to make and approve laws.

Since July 2024, the Netherlands has been led by Prime Minister Dick Schoof. The political landscape is diverse, with 18 parties represented in Parliament, resulting in coalition governments being the standard. This collaborative system contributes to consistent policymaking and long-term political stability.

The Netherlands is also known for its active role in international cooperation, its commitment to human rights, and its focus on global trade and development, all of which align with its open and internationally oriented economy.

For more information, please check out:

Parliament | Government.nl

Current Political and Legal Landscape of the Netherlands: An Overview | Gamma

Government and democracy | Government.nl

The Dutch economy grew by about 0.9% in 2024, as household spending and government investment picked up after a slow start to the year. Higher wages and steady employment supported incomes, though many businesses still struggled with staff shortages and higher costs. Inflation averaged around 3.2%, driven by strong wage growth and rising service prices, while consumer confidence remained weak.

Government spending increased, mainly on social support, healthcare, and defence, widening the fiscal deficit to about 1.3% of GDP. Even so, public debt stayed low at roughly 45% of GDP, leaving the government in a relatively strong fiscal position.

In 2025, growth is expected to improve slightly to around 1.3%, with stronger household spending and steady investment helping to lift the economy. Inflation is likely to ease gradually to about 2.9%, but higher service costs will keep price pressures elevated. Unemployment may rise a little to about 3.8%, as the pace of hiring slows and bankruptcies return to normal levels.

Overall, the Dutch economy remains stable but faces challenges from high costs, labour shortages, and global trade uncertainty. However, continued investment in productivity, digital skills, and clean energy will be important to support growth and maintain competitiveness.

For more information, please check out:

Netherlands: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

Netherlands: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

Food and Drink: Dutch consumers are increasingly seeking plant-based, organic, and healthier food options, alongside traditional products like tea, cheese, whisky, and gin. Supermarkets are also looking to expand their private-label ranges. This trend opens opportunities in producing, supplying, and innovating within these food and beverage categories.

Offshore Wind Energy: The Netherlands is planning several new offshore wind farms, covering planning, construction, and ongoing operations. Limited domestic experience in some areas of project delivery and maintenance creates openings for expertise in developing, implementing, and maintaining these renewable energy projects.

Technology and Smart Solutions: There is strong demand for innovative solutions in logistics, urban sustainability, and renewable energy. Dutch cities and industries are looking for tools to manage traffic flows, improve energy efficiency, and support low-emission operations, which opens opportunities in providing technology and consultancy services in these areas.

Financial and Professional Services: The Netherlands hosts many international headquarters and a major financial sector, creating a need for legal, advisory, and financial services. Companies with experience in cross-border business and international markets are well-positioned to meet this demand, opening avenues in banking, consulting, and professional support services.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to Netherlands | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

The Netherlands: providing services and travelling for business - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight Webinar04 February 2026: Germany & Netherlands

Ireland is a parliamentary democracy with a well-established political system. The national parliament, known as the Oireachtas, consists of two chambers: Dáil Éireann, whose members are directly elected and make most legislative decisions, and Seanad Éireann, which reviews and proposes amendments to legislation.

The Prime Minister (Taoiseach) leads the government and the Cabinet of ministers, while the President serves as head of state in a largely ceremonial capacity. As of 2025, Ireland is led by Prime Minister Micheál Martin, supported by Deputy Prime Minister Simon Harris, in a coalition government formed by several parties.

Ireland is considered a stable and cooperative democracy, which helps create a reliable environment for politics, trade, and investment.

For more information, please check out:

Ireland's democracy - Electoral Commission

Factsheet on the Irish Parliament – Houses of the Oireachtas

Ireland’s economy performed well in 2024, showing resilience amid global uncertainty and fluctuations in the multinational sector. Growth in the domestic economy was underpinned by strong employment, higher wages, and sharply lower inflation, which boosted household spending. Headline inflation dropped to 0.1% in October 2024, reflecting lower energy prices, while core inflation eased to 1.6%. The labour market remained exceptionally strong, with unemployment hovering near record lows and job creation supported by continued inward migration.

Looking ahead, economic growth is projected at 3.7% in 2025, before moderating to 2.3% in 2026. Rising household incomes, driven by wage growth and lower borrowing costs, will continue to drive consumption, while exports, particularly pharmaceuticals and business services remain key contributors to output. Inflation is expected to edge up to around 2.1% in 2025, mainly due to higher food and services prices, before easing slightly in 2026.

Overall, Ireland’s economy remains strong and well-positioned for steady growth. Yet, challenges persist from its heavy reliance on multinationals and exposure to global trade tensions, underscoring the need for continued investment in infrastructure, skills, and housing to support long-term stability.

For more information, please check out:

Ireland: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

Ireland: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

• Strengthening Economic Trade and Security Ties – The UK recognises Ireland as a key economic partner, with strong flows of goods, services, and people. Both governments are committed to enhancing bilateral trade, improving infrastructure delivery, and supporting SMEs through shared knowledge and policies to boost productivity and growth. 
• Collaborative Energy and Infrastructure Projects - The UK is working with Ireland to develop renewable energy, interconnection, and sustainable infrastructure in the Irish and Celtic Seas. Governments are coordinating regulations, data collection, and marine planning to attract investment and ensure secure, clean energy as part of the green transition.
• People, Culture, and Innovation Links - Beyond trade, the UK supports cultural exchange, education collaboration, and scientific innovation with Ireland. This includes joint research centres on climate, biodiversity, and sustainable food systems, as well as initiatives to strengthen youth engagement, arts, sports, and education partnerships across both islands.

For more information, please check out:

Joint statement between Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Taoiseach Micheál Martin: 6 March 2025 - GOV.UK

Ireland's Relationship With Great Britain | Ireland In Great Britain | Ireland.ie

• Infrastructure and Construction Projects - Ireland is investing heavily in transport, housing, and urban regeneration through initiatives like Project Ireland 2040 (€165 billion) and the 2025 transport budget (€3.9 billion). UK companies with specialist construction expertise can engage as suppliers, tender for public contracts, and join the supply chain for large-scale infrastructure projects such as MetroLink in Dublin and regional transport upgrades.
• Water Infrastructure and Sustainability - The Irish government is prioritising water infrastructure improvements, creating opportunities for firms in consultancy, technological innovation, and sustainable solutions. Companies with experience in modern water management and infrastructure projects can contribute to this.
• Offshore Wind Energy (OSW) - Ireland aims for 80% renewable electricity by 2030, with at least 5GW coming from offshore wind. With the local supply chain still developing, there’s opportunities for businesses in project planning, management, and technology development.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to Ireland | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar 01 April 2026: Europe EU inc. Ireland

Italy is a parliamentary republic with a dual leadership structure: the President (currently Sergio Mattarella) serves as head of state, while the Prime Minister (as of 2022, Giorgia Meloni) leads the government. The President appoints the Prime Minister following parliamentary elections.

The Italian Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The country is divided into 20 regions, five of which have special autonomy, allowing them to legislate on certain local matters.

For more information, please check out:

The Government | www.governo.it

In 2024, Italy’s economy grew modestly, with real GDP expanding by approximately 0.5%. Inflation remained low, at 1% in October, although core inflation was somewhat higher due to wage increases, which supported household incomes. Borrowing costs declined following euro area monetary easing, although lending standards remained tighter than pre-crisis levels. Fiscal policy was broadly neutral, while public investment began to increase under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan. The labour market remained resilient, with stable unemployment. 

Looking ahead, Italy’s GDP growth is expected to slow to 0.6% in 2025 and pick up slightly to 0.7% in 2026, with weaker global trade, higher US tariffs, and growing competition from Chinese industrial goods weighing on exports, particularly in manufacturing. Inflation is projected to moderate as earlier energy and food price rises fade, though underlying inflation may rise moderately with ongoing wage growth. However, downside risks dominate, including weaker export demand, trade policy uncertainty, and cautious business investment.

Overall, Italy’s near-term growth will rely on balancing fiscal consolidation with investment and maintaining domestic demand amidst global trade uncertainties.

For more information, please check out: 

Italy: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

Italy: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

The United Kingdom and Italy have recently strengthened their bilateral partnership, highlighting close cooperation on trade, investment, defence, and innovation.

• In September 2024, both governments agreed on measures to support economic growth, including expanding bilateral trade flows (£50 billion) and new investment projects, as well as promoting collaboration in science, technology, and research. They also reaffirmed commitments to work together on security, migration, and defence, while enhancing people-to-people links through education, cultural programmes, and leadership initiatives.
• Both countries are committed to moving away from fossil fuels and reaching net-zero emissions by 2050, to balance energy security with decarbonisation, which is creating new opportunities for industry, innovation, and jobs through sustainable energy supply chains. 

For more information, please check out: 

Joint statement between UK and Italy: 16 September 2024 - GOV.UK

UK-ITA_JointDeclaration.pdf

Clean Power for Growth roundtable, April 2025: UK-Italy bilateral statement - GOV.UK

• Technology and cybersecurity in Italy present a key area for growth. As Italy drives digital transformation across industries, there is strong demand for cybersecurity solutions, advanced IT services, and digital innovation.
• Italy’s healthcare and life sciences sector is modernising to meet the needs of an ageing population, with a focus on prevention, outpatient care, and digital health solutions. Businesses can supply medical devices, e-health tools, and innovative services that improve care for older or disabled people.
• Trade and export engagement remains a major avenue for UK companies, especially through northern economic hubs like Lombardy, which host internationally recognised trade exhibitions. These events, alongside support from UK trade teams, offer practical opportunities for networking, finding partners, and accessing new markets.
• Italy invests heavily in research and development, opening doors for collaboration on innovative projects. Businesses can work alongside Italian firms and institutions on advanced technologies, joint R&D initiatives, and solutions that drive industry growth.

For more information, please check out: 

Exporting from the UK to Italy | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

Everything you need to know when doing business with Italy:

Italy-Doing-Business-In.pdf

Contacts:

Enterprise Europe Network | Enterprise Europe Network

The British Chamber of Commerce for Italy | Celebrating 120 years of assisting, encouraging, and developing trade & investment between the UK and Italy

The Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry for the United Kingdom

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Spain is a parliamentary monarchy, which means it has both a King as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. The Spanish Parliament, called the Cortes Generales, has two chambers: the Congress of Deputies and the Senate, which make laws and over the government. The country’s political system is based on the 1978 Constitution, which guarantees democracy, separation of powers, and fundamental rights for citizens. As of September 2025, the Prime Minister is Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón, leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), who has been in office since June 2018.

Government

Spain – EU country profile | European Union

In 2024, Spain’s economy grew by 3.0%, driven by strong domestic demand, rising employment, and higher real incomes. Private consumption remained robust, while investment was supported by lower borrowing costs and the rollout of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan (RTRP). Exports rose by 2%, mainly from tourism and services, helping to narrow the trade deficit. Inflation eased, with headline inflation at 1.8% and core inflation at 2.5%, while the labour market improved, with unemployment falling to 11.2% despite ongoing skill shortages in public services.

Looking ahead, Spain’s economy is projected to grow 2.4% in 2025 and 1.9% in 2026, supported by strong domestic demand, rising wages, and a resilient labour market. Investment will benefit from lower financing costs and the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan (RTRP), though delays and tighter global financial conditions may limit gains. Export growth will slow due to weak demand from trading partners and US tariffs on EU goods. Inflation is expected to ease, while fiscal consolidation will reduce the deficit to 2.8% in 2025 and 2.3% in 2026. More efficient public spending and faster public-private initiatives will further support growth. 

Overall, domestic demand will drive the economy, but external trade and geopolitical risks remain.

For more information, please check out: 

Spain: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

Spain: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

Spain and the UK have agreed to strengthen their economic relationship through a new Trade and Investment Dialogue. Both sides will also explore ways to make it easier for businesses to operate in each other’s markets, including dialogue on short-term business travel and regulatory cooperation.

• Innovation and Clean Growth
  The partnership covers cooperation in science, technology, and energy. This includes collaboration on digital, health, and space technologies, as well as renewable energy areas such as hydrogen, offshore wind, and energy storage. These sectors are being prioritised for joint projects and knowledge sharing.
• Economic Security and Supply Chains
  The UK and Spain have committed to promoting sustainable and diversified supply chains for critical goods and raw materials. They will also work together on foreign direct investment and economic policy to better respond to economic shocks.
• Wider Cooperation Framework
  While trade and investment are central, the agreement also establishes annual high-level dialogues covering foreign policy, security, education, and cultural ties. This wider framework reinforces the political and economic relationship between the two countries.

For more information, please check out: 

Strategic bilateral framework between the Kingdom of Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: 3 September 2025 - GOV.UK

Renewable Energy: Spain is a major hub for renewables and hosts about 20% of all EU green hydrogen projects. The country is pushing to scale up clean energy and cut emissions in heavy industry, but this requires more investment, clearer rules, and strong partnerships. For UK businesses, there are opportunities to supply technology and expertise in hydrogen, offshore wind, energy storage, and low-carbon engineering.

Life Sciences & Technology: Spain is the world’s 9th largest pharmaceutical market as of 2025, and ranks among the EU’s leaders in digital connectivity, making it an important partner for innovation. The UK’s Horizon Europe campaign is building even closer links with Spain by funding joint research and business projects. This is significant because collaboration often leads to new products, technologies, and services being developed faster, and once those are ready, they need international partners to test, manufacture, and sell them. This opens the door for firms in biotech, pharmaceuticals, and digital health to not only partner with Spanish companies on innovation, but also to access a large and growing market where demand for these solutions is strong.

Agri-Food Sector: The agri-food industry is Spain’s largest manufacturing sector, generating nearly €140 billion (£117 billion) in revenue and employing over 440,000 people. Strong domestic demand and Spain’s position as a leading exporter provide opportunities for businesses to supply products, collaborate with producers, or expand into broader markets.

For more information, please check:

Expanding horizons: Opportunities for UK businesses in Spain | Spanish Chamber of Commerce in the United Kingdom

Exporting from the UK to Spain | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

The British Chamber of Commerce for Italy | Celebrating 120 years of assisting, encouraging, and developing trade & investment between the UK and Italy

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Portugal is a democratic republic with a semi-presidential system established by the 1976 Constitution. The President, elected for five years, serves as head of state, while the Prime Minister leads the government. The unicameral Parliament holds legislative power, and the judiciary operates independently under a Constitutional Court. The Azores and Madeira are autonomous regions with their own governments and assemblies.

For more information, please check out:

Government Composition - XXIII Government - Portuguese Republic

For more information, please check out:

Portugal: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

Portugal: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

The UK and Portugal share one of the world’s oldest alliances, now evolving into a modern partnership focused on security, trade, innovation, and cultural exchange.

Strengthened Strategic Partnership: Close cooperation continues across defence, diplomacy, and global security through NATO and joint support for Ukraine, reinforcing a shared commitment to peace and the rules-based international order.

Expanding Trade and Investment Links: Both nations are boosting collaboration in clean energy, digital innovation, and green finance, with stronger ties between Portugal’s AICEP and the UK’s Department for Business and Trade and progress toward a new Double Taxation Agreement.

Collaboration in Science, Education and Culture: Joint efforts are growing in research, renewable energy, life sciences, and bilingual education, supported by strong people-to-people connections through business, tourism, and cultural exchange.

For more information, please check out:

Financial Services & Fintech: Portugal’s financial sector is rapidly adopting automation, AI, and open banking. This creates opportunities for fintech and digital finance providers to meet the rising demand for secure, efficient, and innovative financial solutions.

Digital Transformation: Companies are investing heavily in automation, AI, and data analytics to improve efficiency. This opens space for tech providers to offer tools and services that help businesses increase productivity and competitiveness.

Green Finance & Sustainability: Portugal is committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2045, driving demand for green investments and sustainable projects. Businesses can benefit by supplying finance solutions, consultancy, and technology that support renewable energy, clean transport, and circular economy initiatives.

Life Sciences & Healthcare: Ageing populations and healthcare reforms are increasing demand for innovative health solutions. Companies providing digital health tools, AI diagnostics, and personalised medicine can tap into this growing need.

Technology & Innovation: Portugal’s government incentives and tech ecosystem support rapid growth in 5G, smart cities, cloud services, and advanced computing. Innovators and investors have opportunities to pilot, scale, and commercialise new technologies.

Renewable Energy: With ambitious renewable energy targets, Portugal is investing in solar, wind, and hydrogen projects. This drives opportunities for companies in engineering, technology supply, and infrastructure development.

Infrastructure & Transport: Large-scale projects like Lisbon airport expansion and the Porto–Lisbon high-speed rail are underway. Firms offering construction, engineering, and project management services can benefit from sustained public investment.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to Portugal | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Poland is a parliamentary republic. Leadership is shared between the President, who represents the country internationally, and the Prime Minister, who manages day-to-day government affairs. As of September 2025, President Andrzej Duda and Prime Minister Donald Tusk lead the government.

Poland’s politics are shaped by coalition cooperation in parliament, but overall governance remains steady and predictable. Current priorities include strengthening relations with the European Union and NATO and enhancing national security in response to regional challenges.

For more information, please check out:

Basic information about Poland - Civil Service - Portal Gov.pl

Senate of the Republic of Poland / About the Senate / The Constitution / Chapter I

Donald Tusk - The Chancellery of the Prime Minister - Gov.pl website

Poland’s economy grew by about 2.8-3.2% in 2024, driven by rising wages, stronger consumer spending, and public investment, even as high inflation and labour shortages remained challenges. Consumption was boosted by an 18% increase in the minimum wage and higher public sector pay, while unemployment stayed low at around 3%, though shortages persisted in ICT, construction and transport. Inflation picked up to around 5% by late 2024 as VAT on food and energy prices rose, and it is expected to stay high at 4.1% in 2025 before easing to about 2.6-3.9% in 2026 as energy support measures are withdrawn and interest rates gradually fall. Growth is forecast to rise to 3.4% in 2025 as EU recovery funds boost investment but then slow to around 2.7-3% in 2026 as the government moves towards tighter fiscal policy to reduce a large deficit. However, other risks come from global trade weakness and the war in Ukraine, while long-term reforms in skills training, pensions and migration policy are seen as vital to easing labour shortages and keeping growth stable.

For more information, please check out: 

Poland: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

Poland: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

• Poland is one of the UK’s closest economic and political partners in Europe, with ties that have strengthened over decades of cooperation. Bilateral trade between the countries has expanded rapidly since the 1990s leading to the value of British foreign direct investment in Poland to exceed €10 billion, making the UK one of Poland’s top six investors. 
•  During their January 2025 meeting, Prime Ministers Keir Starmer and Donald Tusk celebrated the close trade and investment links between the two countries, agreeing to strengthen bilateral dialogue on energy security, transition, and new opportunities in renewable energy. The countries also committed to exploring a new forum for economic and energy dialogue, recognising the need to strengthen both resilience and growth.

For more information, please check out:

The United Kingdom - Poland in the UK - Gov.pl website

Joint Statement between the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the Prime Minister of Poland - GOV.UK

Most of the business opportunities are in financial services, energy, infrastructure, and technology, where modernisation and investment needs remain high. Poland’s strategic location at the heart of Europe, on key trade and transport routes, also makes it an important entry point into Central and Eastern Europe, as well as emerging markets further east. Its position alongside a growing consumer appetite for international goods and services, makes Poland a valuable hub for exporters looking to expand into the region.

For more information, please check out; Exporting from the UK to Poland | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

Also note that:

Lengthy Railway product certification (Railway): UK businesses considering the Polish railway markets, may face challenges in obtaining approval/certification for a product to meet the market requirements.

For more information on trade barriers please check: Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight Webinar 04 March, 2026: Eastern Europe

Denmark is a stable parliamentary democracy where decisions are made by the Folketing, a 179-member parliament elected every four years. Governments are usually made up of coalitions, since no single party has a majority. The Prime Minister leads the government, supported by a team of ministers responsible for different areas.

Since December 2022, Denmark has been led by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen in a coalition government made up of the Social Democratic Party, Venstre (the Liberal Party), and the Moderates. Denmark’s system is widely regarded as stable, with the OECD noting that Danish citizens show among the highest levels of trust in government.

For more information, please check out:

The Danish Government | A parliamentary democracy | denmark.dk

Government at a Glance 2025: Denmark

Denmark’s economy has shown strong resilience, with GDP growth reaching 2.8% in 2024 and projected to remain positive at 3.0% in 2025, before easing to around 1.5–1.7% in 2026. Growth has been driven by the pharmaceutical sector, supported by the reopening of North Sea gas fields, while domestic demand is strengthening on the back of rising real incomes, lower interest rates, and a housing market recovery. Inflation is expected to stay moderate at around 2% in 2025, before easing slightly in 2026 as wage growth slows and capacity pressures decline. Unemployment remains low by international standards, though persistent skills shortages in key sectors continue to challenge employers.

Fiscal policy is expected to turn mildly expansionary in 2025–26, with increased defence spending, tax cuts, and investment in green and digital transitions, while public debt remains among the lowest in the OECD. Risks stem mainly from external conditions, including trade restrictions, global demand uncertainties, and geopolitical tensions, which could weigh on exports in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, maritime transport, and wind energy.

For more information, please check out:

Denmark: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

Denmark: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

Infrastructure and Green Energy: Denmark continues to invest heavily in transport and energy infrastructure, with projects ranging from high-speed rail and airport upgrades to the Femernbelt Fixed Link connecting Denmark and Germany. At the same time, the country’s Climate Act and target to cut emissions by 70% by 2030 are driving rapid growth in offshore wind, bioenergy, hydrogen, and energy-efficiency technologies. These priorities create strong demand for expertise in engineering, construction, renewable energy solutions, and innovative clean technologies.

Healthcare and Life Sciences: Significant investment is being made in Denmark’s health sector, including hospital infrastructure and advanced medical technologies. Copenhagen has also become one of the UN’s main procurement hubs, particularly for medicines, emergency equipment, and medical devices, creating opportunities for companies supplying global aid agencies as well as the domestic market. The focus on healthy ageing, digital health, and medical innovation makes Denmark a valuable market for new healthcare products and services.

Technology, Security and Maritime: Denmark has a strong demand for fintech, smart city solutions, robotics, AI, and cybersecurity. The government supports innovation through regulation and large-scale projects such as Copenhagen’s ambition to become the world’s first carbon-neutral capital. In addition, Denmark remains a global maritime hub, home to A.P. Møller-Maersk and one of the world’s largest shipping industries, which underpins demand for professional, financial, and technological services to support this sector.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to Denmark | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Finland is a stable parliamentary democracy and republic, where the President of the Republic serves as head of state with responsibility for foreign policy and defence, while the Prime Minister leads the Government in day-to-day decision making. The country’s 200-seat Parliament is elected every four years and operates through a multi-party system, meaning governments are usually formed through coalitions; the current administration is led by Prime Minister Petteri Orpo. 

For more information, please check out:

How the Government works - Finnish Government

Anti-Corruption.fi: combat corruption through transparency and impartiality | Anti-corruption.fi

• Close political and economic ties: The UK and Finland maintain strong relations covering political, economic, defence, and EU issues. This cooperation is supported by a large UK trade and investment team in Finland, ensuring consistent engagement between the two countries.
• Partner in innovation and growth: Finland is part of the UK’s science and innovation network, which works alongside trade and investment teams to support commercial activity. This partnership is aimed at increasing economic growth and prosperity in both countries.
• Shared strategic interests: The UK and Finland work together on trade liberalisation, international security, and conflict prevention. Both countries also exchange expertise in civilian crisis management and peace mediation, reinforcing cooperation beyond trade.

For more information, please check out:

British Embassy Helsinki - GOV.UK

Finland and the UK - GOV.UK

• Technology and Digital Innovation: Finland is a global leader in digitalisation, with advanced expertise in 5G networks and ongoing development of 6G technologies. This opens opportunities in telecoms, cybersecurity, mobile platforms, and data analytics, as well as in healthcare technology, where demand is rising for e-health solutions and digital services to support an ageing population.
• Low Carbon and Renewable Energy: Finland’s target of becoming carbon neutral by 2035 is driving major investment in clean energy and sustainability. Growth areas include onshore and offshore wind, hydrogen, bioenergy, and energy-efficient technologies across construction, transport, and manufacturing. These projects create scope for international firms to provide equipment, engineering solutions, and specialist expertise.
• Services and Business Solutions: Outsourcing in both the public and private sectors is increasing demand for professional services such as consultancy, legal support, engineering and design, and marketing. At the same time, Finland’s strong fintech sector and advanced banking system provide opportunities for innovative financial services and digital solutions.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to Finland | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

For more information, please check out:

The Government - regjeringen.no

The Storting

Norway’s economy started to recover in 2024 after a period of slower growth. Strong government spending and stable oil and gas activity helped support the economy, while inflation fell from 4.7% at the start of 2024 to 2.6% by the end of the year. Lower energy prices and easing import costs also helped reduce inflation. Growth is expected to continue over the next two years, with mainland GDP forecast to rise by 1.8% in 2025 and 2.0% in 2026.

The main drivers of growth will be higher household spending, lower interest rates, and stronger business investment. Non-oil exports are also expected to increase, driven by a weaker Norwegian krone, although oil and gas activity is likely to slow gradually. Government spending will remain high in 2025 due to increased defence investment and support for low-income households. However, the government plans to manage spending more carefully from 2026 onwards. The labour market remains strong, with low unemployment but ongoing shortages of skilled workers, especially in health care and technology. The government is focusing on training and education reforms to fill these gaps and support long-term growth. Overall, Norway’s economy is stable and expected to grow steadily, supported by strong household demand, a healthy labour market, and falling inflation.

For more information, please check out:

Norway: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

Energy: Norway’s focus on renewable energy creates strong potential for UK companies. Almost all electricity is produced from hydropower, with growing investments in offshore wind, hydrogen, and carbon capture and storage (CCUS). UK expertise in green technology, R&D and energy efficiency is highly valued, especially as Norway aims to decarbonise transport and industry.

Infrastructure and Green Construction: The Norwegian government continues to invest heavily in infrastructure, including new roads, railways, airports, and smart city developments. There is a growing demand for sustainable construction materials, low-emission solutions, and innovative engineering practices that support Norway’s climate goals. UK companies with experience in green infrastructure and design are well-positioned to benefit.

Technology and Security: Norway is one of Europe’s most technologically advanced countries and is open to international collaboration. Opportunities exist across digitalisation, cyber security, smart mobility, low-emission aviation, and artificial intelligence. The UK’s strong reputation in cyber and physical security also creates high demand for British expertise and equipment.

Food and Drink: Norwegian consumers are increasingly interested in international and health-focused products. There is rising demand for high-quality, sustainable, and plant-based foods. UK brands are well-regarded for their quality, strong identity, and innovative packaging. Successful partnerships with local importers and distributors can lead to nationwide market coverage.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to Norway | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. 

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Sweden is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy with a long tradition of stable and transparent governance. Political power rests with the Parliament, which is responsible for passing laws, approving budgets, and overseeing government activities, while King Carl XVI Gustaf serves as ceremonial head of state.

The country is led by Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson of the Moderate Party, who has governed since 2022 in a coalition with the Christian Democrats and the Liberal Party. Sweden’s governance is structured across national, regional, and local levels, each with significant responsibility, particularly in areas such as healthcare, education, and welfare. This decentralised model supports efficient public services and local decision-making.

For more information, please check out:

Swedish government | sweden.se

Sweden’s economy grew slowly in 2024, with GDP increasing by around 0.6% as high interest rates and weak demand limited household spending and business investment. Inflation fell sharply during the year, reaching 1.5% in October, mainly due to lower energy and commodity prices. However, many households remained cautious and focused on saving rather than spending, while unemployment rose to about 8.4%. To support the economy, the Riksbank reduced interest rates from 4% to 2.75%, and the government introduced measures to help households, healthcare, and defence through a slightly expansionary budget.

Growth is expected to improve in 2025, rising to 1.6%, and strengthen further to 2.3% in 2026 as borrowing costs fall, incomes rise, and employment increases. Consumer spending and private investment are set to drive this recovery, although weaker demand from major European trading partners continues to affect exports. In the long term, Sweden faces challenges such as an ageing population, skills shortages, and a shortage of affordable housing, which the government aims to address through labour market reforms, education and training initiatives, and green transition policies.

For more information, please check out:

Sweden: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

Sweden: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2 | OECD

 Infrastructure and Construction: Sweden is investing heavily in transport and housing, with a £60 billion plan running until 2029. This includes new rail lines, road projects, and housing developments to meet growing urban demand. There are major opportunities for firms involved in sustainable building, smart transport, and rail technologies as Sweden upgrades its infrastructure and expands its cities.

 Energy and Green Technology: Sweden aims to produce 100% fossil-free electricity by 2040 and achieve net zero by 2045. This transition is opening new markets for companies specialising in renewable energy, nuclear power, carbon capture (Bio-CCS), and energy storage.

Life Sciences and Health Innovation: Sweden’s well-developed life sciences sector offers opportunities for collaboration in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and medical technology. Businesses can partner with Swedish firms and research institutions on projects in biopharma, digital health, and medical devices, particularly in areas such as telemedicine, diagnostics, and clinical trials.

 Food and Drink: Swedish consumers are increasingly seeking healthy, sustainable, and premium products, creating opportunities for producers of organic, plant-based, and speciality foods, as well as craft alcoholic drinks. Products with strong branding, high quality, and innovative packaging are likely to perform well in this growing and sophisticated market.

For more information, check: Exporting from the UK to Sweden | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Please note: After Brexit, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) came into effect, setting out the new trading relationship between the UK and the European Union. This agreement applies to all 27 EU member states, but does not cover non-EU Schengen countries including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland, which have separate trade arrangements with the UK. Whilst the agreement helps to keep trade open and tariff-free for many goods and services, it also introduces new administrative, regulatory, and customs barriers that UK businesses must be aware of when exporting to the EU.

Key Provisions

• Fair Competition: Both sides agreed to maintain high standards in areas such as workers’ rights, environmental protection, and state aid. This helps ensure businesses compete on a level playing field.

• Trade in Services & Professional Qualifications: UK firms can continue offering many services across the EU, but UK professional qualifications are no longer automatically recognised. Professionals may need to meet national requirements in each country.

Sector-Specific Rules:

• Energy: A new system for electricity and gas trading between the UK and EU.

• Transport: Road, air, and maritime connections remain open, but with fewer rights than before Brexit.

• Fisheries: Shared management of fish stocks balances UK control with continued EU access.

For more information, please check out: 

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement - European Commission

What UK Businesses need to know

1. To qualify for tariff-free trade, UK exporters must prove their goods are mainly made or processed in the UK or EU. If products include significant materials from outside these areas, they may not qualify and will face standard EU import duties. Tracking and proving origin can be complex and time-consuming.

2. Paperwork and Record-Keeping: Exporters must keep detailed documentation (such as supplier declarations and invoices) for at least four years to prove compliance. This can be challenging for smaller firms with limited resources.

3. Risk of Tariffs: If goods fail to meet origin requirements, or if EU customs reject the evidence, importers will pay full tariffs under the EU’s Common External Tariff. This can harm customer relationships and create financial risks for UK exporters.

4. Customs and Compliance: Even when goods qualify for tariff-free access, exporters must still complete customs declarations and follow both UK and EU procedures. These additional steps increase costs, cause potential delays, and reduce competitiveness compared with pre-Brexit trade.

For more information, please check out:

Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Oman is a hereditary monarchy led by Sultan Haitham bin Tariq, who also serves as Prime Minister and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The Council of Ministers oversees government policy and administration across ministries, ensuring coordination and effective decision-making.

Governance in Oman is guided by the principle of Shura (consultation), which encourages dialogue and participation in public affairs. In recent years, the country has introduced reforms to modernise government operations and enhance public engagement.

For more information, please check out:

Constitution - www.fm.gov.om

CBP-10076.pdf

Oman’s economy has strengthened in recent years through careful fiscal management and progress on its Vision 2040 diversification agenda. While oil and gas remain central to government revenues, growth is increasingly supported by non-oil sectors such as construction, logistics, manufacturing, and services. In 2024, non-hydrocarbon activity grew by nearly 4%, helping offset lower oil output under OPEC+ production cuts. Public finances have improved significantly, with budget and trade surpluses maintained and national debt reduced to more sustainable levels. Inflation remains among the lowest in the region, supported by subsidies and stable food and energy prices. Rising non-oil exports and new refining capacity at Duqm are also broadening Oman’s export base.

Looking ahead, GDP growth is expected to average around 3% in 2025, supported by higher oil production, expanding infrastructure projects, and continued investment in tourism and manufacturing. Although risks tied to oil market volatility and global trade conditions remain, Oman has reduced debt levels, healthy reserves, and commitment to reform, provide a stable outlook for international partners.

For more information, please check out:

OMAN MPO

Infrastructure and Logistics: Oman continues to invest heavily in transport and logistics by developing new deep-water ports at Duqm, Salalah and Sohar, upgrading airports, and expanding road and rail links, including plans for a 2,200 km line connecting to the wider GCC rail network. These projects have created demand for expertise in engineering, project management, and smart city solutions. The Duqm Special Economic Zone is emerging as a major logistics hub linking Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, offering supply chain opportunities for construction, consultancy, and technology providers.

Energy and Renewables: The government is pushing for a clean energy transition. Solar and wind projects are scaling up, while green hydrogen is a longer-term priority with international consortiums – many involving UK firms – already engaged. For companies in renewables, engineering, equipment supply, and services, Oman represents a growing market .

Healthcare and Life Sciences: Healthcare is a government priority under “Oman Health Vision 2050”. Planned investment includes new hospitals, and medical centres, alongside upgrades to existing facilities. The Ministry of Health is encouraging private sector provision to complement public services, particularly in specialist care and non-communicable disease management. This opens the door for UK providers in hospital design, medical devices, pharmaceuticals, e-health systems, and clinical training – areas where NHS partnerships already provide a strong foundation.

Education and Skills: The UK remains a top destination for Omani students, and British standards are widely applied across local schools, colleges, and universities. Oman is investing in its education system to close skills gaps and increase employability, while demand is growing for vocational training, early-years education, and provision for children with special needs. This creates opportunities for UK institutions and private training providers to establish partnerships, offer consultancy, or expand into new segments.

For more information, please check out:

UK⇆Oman Shipping Rates 2025 | Air/Sea Freight LCL/FCL

Exporting from the UK to Oman | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar 01 July 2026: Middle East

Qatar is a hereditary monarchy led by Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, who guides the country’s overall direction and long-term strategy. Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani heads the Cabinet by overseeing government operations and ensuring coordination across ministries. In recent years, Qatar has made steady progress in modernising its institutions and enhancing transparency, helping to maintain a stable, well-managed environment that encourages business confidence and investment growth.

For more information, please check out: 

Qatar's Government Structure and Legislatives

Qatar’s economy is performing steadily, with growth continuing across both traditional and new sectors. In early 2025, overall GDP rose by 3.7%, driven by a strong 5% expansion in non-energy activities such as manufacturing, real estate, and trade. Tourism is becoming a key driver, with more than 5 million visitors in 2024, a figure that already surpasses national targets and highlights opportunities in hospitality, retail, and supporting services. Alongside this, major investments in transport and smart city projects are helping to modernise infrastructure and create new openings for international firms.

Financially, the country is on solid ground. Inflation is low at around 1%, fiscal surpluses remain positive, and Qatar’s sovereign wealth fund continues to manage reserves of more than USD 500 billion. Together, these provide significant stability and resilience against global uncertainties. Looking ahead, growth is expected to remain steady at around 2–3% in 2025, with stronger acceleration from 2026 as new gas production and wider diversification efforts take hold. For international businesses, this means Qatar offers not only a secure base in energy, but also a fast-growing market in tourism, construction, healthcare, and smart technologies.

For more information, please check out:

QATAR MPO

Qatar and the IMF

The UK and Qatar are strengthening their partnership as ‘Partners for the Future’, building on the Future Framework introduced during the Amir’s 2024 State Visit and confirmed at the second Qatar-UK Strategic Dialogue in April 2025.

• Both governments have confirmed their intention to strengthen cooperation across trade, investment, defence, and joint leadership on global challenges. The partnership is also closely aligned with Qatar’s National Vision 2030 and the UK Government’s growth strategy, providing a strong foundation for long-term collaboration.
• The Qatar Investment Authority’s Strategic Investment Partnership, launched in 2022, continues to increase capital flows between the two countries, supporting growth in sectors such as infrastructure, clean energy, and advanced technologies. 
• The UK and Qatar are working closer together in financial services and fintech. A recent agreement between the Qatar Ministry of Finance and HM Treasury sets the stage for collaboration in capital markets, sustainable finance, and digital innovation, while upcoming meetings of the Financial Services working group and JETCO will create new opportunities in areas like education, healthcare, creative industries, pharmaceuticals, and AI.

For more information, please check:

UAE Embassy in the UK | Economic Relationship

Joint communiqué on the Qatar-UK Second Strategic Dialogue - GOV.UK

Energy and Clean Growth: Qatar is expanding its LNG production and investing in renewable energy, creating opportunities for companies providing engineering, health and safety solutions, and clean technologies such as solar and waste-to-energy systems.

Sport, Tourism, and Creative Industries: The legacy of FIFA World Cup 2022 has strengthened Qatar’s position as a hub for events, tourism, and creative sectors, with ongoing demand for expertise in event management, hospitality, retail, and design.

Infrastructure and Smart Cities: Large-scale transport and utilities projects, including metro and tram expansions, along with the TASMU Smart City initiative, offer opportunities for businesses specialising in smart infrastructure, digital solutions, and urban planning.

Healthcare and Life Sciences: Qatar’s shift to technology-enabled, preventive healthcare and growing private sector demand opens prospects for companies in medical devices, digital health solutions, pharmaceuticals, and clinical services.

Innovation and Financial Services: Initiatives like the Qatar Science and Technology Park and the National AI Strategy, combined with free zones allowing full foreign ownership, create potential for firms in AI, fintech, and advanced technology sectors.

For more information, please check out: 

Exporting from the UK to Qatar | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Tendering requirements – Companies bidding for government contracts must provide bid and performance bonds (usually 5% and 10% of the contract value, sometimes more). These must come from a local bank, which can add complexity and upfront costs. Members should be prepared for additional financial commitments when pursuing public sector projects.

Recognition of qualifications – UK professional qualifications and some university degrees are not always fully recognised in Qatar. This may affect recruitment for roles that require formal recognition of credentials, particularly in education, construction, and specialist sectors.

Labelling requirements – All products must have Arabic labelling (either Arabic only or Arabic/English). 

For more information pleasxe check out: 

Overseas business risk: Qatar - GOV.UK

What are you looking for? - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

Exporting from the UK to Qatar | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar 01 July 2026: Middle East

Saudi Arabia is a hereditary monarchy led by King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, who serves as both Head of State and Head of Government. The Council of Ministers, appointed by the King, oversees national policies and development, while the Shura Council advises on governance and reform matters.

This system has provided stability and continuity, supporting the country’s Vision 2030 strategy to modernise institutions and diversify the economy. Alongside these reforms, Saudi Arabia continues to invest in social development, with initiatives focused on education, family life, and national unity.

For more information, please check out:

National Platform (National Portal)

Saudi Arabia is continuing its economic transformation under Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy away from oil and build new sectors such as tourism, construction, and services. The non-oil economy grew by 4.2% in 2024, supported by domestic demand, major infrastructure projects, and private investment. Growth is expected to ease slightly to 3.4% in 2025, but strong government spending and access to credit should keep momentum.

As oil production increases, total GDP growth is forecast at 3.5% in 2025 and 3.9% in 2026, with inflation remaining low at around 2%, helping sustain trade and consumer demand. Continued investment in services, construction, and tourism will drive diversification. However, lower oil prices, slower reform progress, or global trade tensions could weigh on growth, while faster Vision 2030 implementation or higher oil revenues could boost it further.

For more information, please check out:

Saudi Arabia: Concluding Statement of the 2025 Article IV Mission

Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom share a long-standing and evolving strategic partnership, strengthened through the Saudi-UK Strategic Partnership Council, established in 2018. The Council is co-chaired by the Saudi Crown Prince and the UK Prime Minister and serves as the main framework for advancing bilateral cooperation. It is divided into two pillars: one focusing on defence, security, and political issues, and the other on economic and social priorities. The economic and social pillar has emerged as a central platform for advancing trade and investment. In 2024, the GREAT FUTURES campaign was launched to strengthen collaboration across priority sectors. Since then, it has brought together businesses, investors, and policymakers through a series of events in both countries, resulting in new agreements, investment partnerships, and fresh opportunities for UK companies in Saudi Arabia’s fast-growing market.

The partnership is centred on five priority areas:

• Financial services and connectivity – strengthening capital markets, fintech, sustainable finance, and insurance links between the UK and Saudi Arabia.
• Life sciences and healthcare innovation – advancing collaboration in biotechnology, health technologies, and skills development in medical sectors.
• Industrial growth – building cooperation in advanced manufacturing, sustainable materials, critical minerals, and Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies.
• Creative industries and culture – supporting cultural exchange, talent development, and collaboration around major events including Expo 2030 in Riyadh and the 2034 FIFA World Cup.
• Education and skills – promoting joint initiatives in digital learning, future skills, and expanding the presence of UK schools and universities in Saudi Arabia.

Progress has already been significant. Bilateral trade exceeded £16 billion in 2024, with a joint ambition to reach £30 billion by 2030. Saudi Arabia has also attracted major UK investment, while British companies have established a stronger regional presence in the Kingdom. Cooperation in clean energy, mining, and transport is advancing, alongside agreements in healthcare, culture, and education. Tourism and people-to-people links are also deepening, supported by new visa arrangements and growing visitor flows.

For more information, please check out:

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom Strategic Partnership Council: Economic and Social Pillar Joint Statement - GOV.UK

Energy and Renewables: Saudi Arabia is investing heavily in clean energy. Around $13 billion worth of solar, wind, and concentrated solar projects are at or near the tendering stage. The Kingdom also plans to invest up to $300 billion in green hydrogen by 2030, covering production, storage, and use in transport, power, and industry. One of the largest projects, NEOM, is a $500 billion smart city designed to run entirely on renewable energy. These projects open opportunities for companies in renewables, engineering, and advanced technology supply chains.

Education and Skills: Education is a key focus under Vision 2030, with growing demand for international partnerships. Saudi Arabia is encouraging more British schools and universities to open in the country, while also looking for support in teacher training, curriculum development, and early years provision. There is strong demand for vocational training, especially in tourism, aviation, logistics, and hospitality as these sectors expand. The country is also adopting EdTech solutions such as AI learning platforms, e-learning, and digital classrooms to meet the needs of its young population.

Healthcare and Life Sciences: Healthcare investment remains high, with $180 billion spent between 2017 and 2021 to expand facilities and meet rising demand. Vision 2030 puts a strong emphasis on private sector participation, creating opportunities in hospital operations, medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and specialist care services. There is also a growing push towards digital health, including smart hospitals, telemedicine, and health IT systems. These areas are well aligned with UK expertise and international standards.

Financial and Professional Services: Saudi Arabia is modernising its financial sector to support economic growth. The introduction of open banking in 2023 is expected to increase competition and innovation. The fintech market is expanding quickly, with strong investor interest and rising consumer demand for digital finance. Alongside fintech, there are opportunities for professional services in areas such as mergers and acquisitions, capital markets, infrastructure finance, and consultancy.

Retail and Consumer Markets: Saudi Arabia has the region’s largest retail market, driven by a young and digitally connected population. E-commerce and app-based shopping are growing rapidly, supported by government plans to move towards a cashless society by 2030. At the same time, luxury and fashion are expanding as tourism increases and new developments such as NEOM and the Red Sea project open retail and lifestyle opportunities. International brands continue to enter the market, while demand for high-quality local products is also on the rise.

For more information, please check out: 

Exporting from the UK to Saudi Arabia | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

UK-Saudi investment creates 100 new British jobs - GOV.UK

• Recognition of qualifications: Training courses delivered entirely online are not recognised. To be accepted by government or private employers, at least 60% of the course must be completed in person.
• Data transfer and outsourcing: Restrictions are in place on moving data outside Saudi Arabia and on outsourcing certain business services, affecting financial and professional services.
• Foreign investment limits: Although many sectors are now open to foreign investment, restrictions remain in sensitive areas such as oil exploration, military catering, religious tourism services, security, and healthcare services (e.g. blood banks, quarantine). Real estate investment in Makkah and Medina is also prohibited for foreign investors.
• Product standards and certification: The Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) applies strict rules under the SALEEM safety framework. Exporters may face additional costs for testing, auditing, and obtaining quality marks, particularly for high-risk goods such as chemicals, electrical equipment, and construction materials.

For more information, please check out:

Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

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Türkiye is a republic governed under a presidential system, introduced following the 2017 constitutional reforms. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan serves as both Head of State and Head of Government, overseeing the country’s overall direction and major policy decisions. He is supported by a cabinet of vice presidents and ministers, who manage government departments and implement national policies. The Parliament plays an active role in debating and approving laws, while the judiciary functions independently to uphold the Constitution. 

For more information, please check out:

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs

CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

CoR - Turkey

Türkiye is the world’s 17th largest economy, with a GDP of $1.32 trillion in 2024, and is a member of both the OECD and the G20. Between 2002 and 2022, real GDP growth averaged 5.4%, doubling income per capita and reducing poverty rates from over 20% in 2007 to 7.6% in 2021. More recently, growth was 4.5% in 2023 and eased to 3.2% in 2024, with forecasts of 3.1% in 2025 and a similar pace in 2026.

While growth remains steady, productivity gains have slowed since the mid-2010s, and poverty reduction has lost momentum in recent years. Additional pressures include high inflation, weaker foreign direct investment, and the impact of the 2023 earthquakes, which created $81.5 billion in recovery and reconstruction needs. With around 70% of the population living in high seismic zones, resilience planning remains a key economic consideration alongside efforts to sustain growth.

For more information, please check out:

Turkey Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank

The UK and Türkiye have a strong and growing economic relationship, with bilateral trade reaching £28 billion in 2024, making Türkiye the UK’s 16th largest trading partner.

• Negotiations are underway for an Enhanced Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which will build on the current agreement and create new opportunities in goods and services.
•  At present, services make up only 34% of UK exports to Türkiye, leaving significant room for expansion in areas such as digital, financial, and professional business services.
• The negotiations also include wider cooperation on sustainability, labour rights, and women’s economic empowerment, reflecting a broad agenda beyond trade in goods.
•  UK investment in Türkiye is protected under the UK–Türkiye Bilateral Investment Treaty, which continues to provide stability and assurance for British companies operating in the market.

For more information, please check out:

Update on Enhanced UK-Turkey Free Trade Agreement negotiations - GOV.UK

UK - Turkey Free Trade Agreement

UK-Turkey trade agreement - GOV.UK

Healthcare and Life Sciences: There is growing demand in both the public and private healthcare sectors, with many new facilities being developed under public–private partnership models. Businesses can supply advanced medical equipment such as implants, dental and orthopaedic products, hearing aids, and other specialist technologies. In addition, opportunities exist in hospital services including catering, cleaning, security, staff training, and elderly care, as well as in the design and management of modern, energy-efficient facilities with digital and e-health features.

Advanced Manufacturing: Türkiye has a large and diverse manufacturing base that continues to expand, particularly in automotive, maritime, and aerospace industries. It is a major vehicle producer with strong supply chain links to Europe, supported by companies such as Ford, Renault, Nissan, and Toyota. In maritime, opportunities range from commercial shipbuilding to high-end yachts, where specialist services and equipment are in demand. In aerospace, the presence of Turkish Airlines and the country’s ambition to increase local production create openings for UK suppliers of parts, services, and technology.

Energy: Energy demand in Türkiye is rising, and the government has set targets to diversify supply and expand renewables. Opportunities exist in solar power through projects under the Renewable Energy Resource Area (YEKA) scheme, in wind energy where capacity is being increased to 20,000 MW, and in the development of a green hydrogen ecosystem. Nuclear energy is also part of the mix, with one plant under construction and plans for two more, alongside a new legal framework for nuclear regulation and safety.

Infrastructure: Large-scale projects in transport and water infrastructure continue to provide openings for international firms. Businesses can form partnerships with Turkish construction companies, many of which rank among the most experienced globally. Current projects include new bridges, roads, airports, and rail links, while municipal authorities are also modernising water systems and seeking international expertise and equipment.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to Turkey | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

• Work and Residence Permits: A valid work or residence visa is required before moving to Türkiye. The application process and fees can change, so it is important to check the latest requirements with the Turkish embassy before making plans.
• Legal and Administrative Delays: Contract enforcement, bankruptcy cases, and other state processes can take time. Businesses should be prepared for longer procedures compared with some other markets.
• Tax Requirements: Companies may need to make multiple tax payments each year, including some non-standard taxes. This can add to the administrative workload and requires good financial planning.
• Construction and Utilities: Obtaining permits for construction projects and connecting to electricity can take several months. While improvements are being introduced, businesses should expect these steps to take longer than average.

For more information, please check out:

International Business Guides - Türkiye | Global Commercial Banking | HSBC

Doing Business in Turkey | Doing Business In | PKF Publications include Tax Guides and Doing Business In Guides | PKF Global

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The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven emirates established in 1971, with Abu Dhabi as the capital and Dubai as the country’s main commercial centre. The UAE is led by President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi, and Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Ruler of Dubai, who serves as Vice-President, Prime Minister, and Minister of Defence.

The UAE’s federal system unites the rulers of all seven emirates through the Supreme Council, which works with the federal cabinet and the Federal National Council to guide national policy. At the same time, each emirate keeps its own local government and institutions, giving them flexibility to manage local affairs while staying aligned on national priorities.

For more information, please check out: 

The political system | The Official Portal of the UAE Government

The UAE has built one of the region’s most diversified economies, balancing its reliance on hydrocarbons with rapid expansion in non-oil sectors such as financial services, construction, logistics, real estate, and tourism. In 2024, the economy grew by nearly 4%, with non-oil activities leading the expansion, and growth of around 4.5% is expected in 2025. Inflation remains low at just over 2%, while steady fiscal surpluses and strong reserves provide a high degree of economic stability. Strategic reforms and large-scale investments continue to drive competitiveness, while world-class infrastructure and connectivity position the UAE as a leading hub for global business and investment.

For more information, please check out:

The UAE's economy | The Official Portal of the UAE Government

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES MPO

The UK and UAE share a strong and enduring partnership, built on trade, investment, and close cultural ties that continue to grow across multiple sectors.

Trade and Business Relations: The UAE is the UK’s largest trading partner in the Middle East, with more than 5,000 British companies established in the country. Economic relations are broad, covering sectors such as energy, finance, technology, healthcare, and infrastructure, and are reinforced by regular government-to-government engagement.

Investment and Institutional Cooperation: The UAE is a leading investor in the UK, supporting major projects in life sciences, infrastructure, and logistics. Collaboration is further strengthened through platforms such as the UK-UAE Business Council, the Joint Economic Committee, and the Joint Taskforce, which provide continuity and opportunities for expansion.

Cultural and Policy Links: Alongside trade, thousands of British nationals live and work in the UAE, supported by the presence of UK universities and partnerships in education, research, and healthcare. Both governments also cooperate closely on financial security, with ongoing initiatives to address illicit finance and counter terrorism financing.

For more information, please check out: 

UAE Embassy in the UK | Economic Relationship

Written statements - Written questions, answers and statements - UK Parliament

Clean and Renewable Energy: The UAE’s Net Zero by 2050 strategy is driving large-scale investments in solar power, waste-to-energy, and sustainable transport projects. Businesses offering low-carbon solutions, energy efficiency products, or smart energy systems are well positioned to support these initiatives and contribute to the country’s green transition.

Financial and Professional Services: Dubai and Abu Dhabi host world-class financial centres with expanding areas in Islamic finance, digital financial services, and wealth management. Companies providing fintech solutions, consultancy, insurance, or legal services can support the growth of these financial hubs.

Healthcare and Life Sciences: Rapid population growth and rising incomes are increasing demand for advanced healthcare services and life sciences innovation. Businesses offering medical technology, pharmaceuticals, specialist healthcare services, and research capabilities are well placed to support hospitals, clinics, and life sciences hubs.

Infrastructure and Construction: Large-scale urban development, transport corridors, and commercial projects continue to drive demand for construction and engineering expertise. Companies delivering sustainable construction, smart building technologies, water systems, or advanced engineering solutions have opportunities to contribute to the UAE’s expanding infrastructure.

Cyber Security and Space: The UAE’s focus on national cyber resilience and space programmes, including satellite and Mars initiatives, is creating demand for advanced digital and aerospace technologies. Businesses providing cybersecurity solutions, aerospace engineering, or other high-tech services are well positioned to support these sectors.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to United Arab Emirates | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park

United Arab Emirates Labour Law: Overview | Links International

Top 5 Booming Industries in the UAE for 2025: Where to Invest in UAE

• Intellectual Property (Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology): Even though protections exist, patents may need to be registered locally. Companies offering innovative medical and biotech solutions should plan carefully to safeguard their intellectual property.

• Local Ownership Rules: Outside UAE Free Zones, companies usually need majority local ownership. Businesses in key industries should consider partnerships and corporate structures to meet these requirements.

• Recognition of Professional Qualifications: Some international credentials may not be formally recognised, which can affect hiring specialist staff and delivering professional services.

• Product Labelling (Food & Drink): Certain food products must carry the Emirates Quality Mark, meaning packaging may need to be adapted to comply with evolving standards.

• Seafood Certification (Agriculture & Fisheries): Exported seafood must meet specific health certification rules. While this adds administrative steps, it ensures that businesses can continue trading safely and legally.

For more information, please check out: 

Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

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Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar 01 July 2026: Middle East

Egypt is a sovereign republic with a democratic system. The President, who serves as both Head of State and Head of Government, leads the country and oversees national priorities, including security, stability, and governance. The country operates under a multi-party system, allowing different political groups to participate in elections, and emphasizes peaceful transfer of power.

For more information, please check out:

Gafi- Political System

Egypt’s economy faced a slowdown in 2024, expanding by just 2.4% due to high inflation, weaker gas and oil exports, and reduced Suez Canal revenues, but conditions for recovery are emerging. Growth is expected to pick up to around 3.7% in 2025 and strengthen further to 5.0% in 2026, driven by major investment projects, stronger local demand, and higher energy production. Inflation, which stood above 26% in late 2024, is projected to ease gradually as food supplies improve and monetary policy remains tight. While government finances are under strain, with the budget deficit expected to rise to 7.6% of national income in 2025, ongoing tax reforms, privatisation plans, and external financial support aim to restore stability. Overall, Egypt’s outlook for 2025-2026 points to faster growth, more jobs, and stronger exports, though risks remain from high debt levels and regional tensions that could impact key revenues.

For more information, please check out:

OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2024 Issue 2: Egypt | OECD

Education and Training: The Egyptian government has made education reform a top priority, opening space for international expertise. Demand is rising for private schools, universities, and vocational training. There is also growing interest in education technology, such as digital learning tools, ICT facilities, and English language training.

Oil and Gas: As one of Egypt’s largest industries, the oil and gas sector offers opportunities in exploration, field development, and petrochemicals. With recent reforms to liberalise the gas market, private companies can now take part in importing and distributing gas. There is also demand for support services, including training, operations, and sustainable development projects.

Energy and Renewables: Egypt is rapidly expanding its energy sector to meet rising demand, with strong potential in renewable energy. Its climate and geography make it ideal for solar and wind power, and the government has introduced tariff schemes to encourage investment. Opportunities include building renewable energy plants, supplying equipment, and supporting grid expansion.

Healthcare and Infrastructure: Healthcare demand is increasing due to population growth and government reforms, creating opportunities in hospital construction, medical technology, training, and IT systems. At the same time, large-scale infrastructure projects are underway, such as new cities, transport upgrades, and water management systems. These projects open the door for collaboration in construction, design, and technical services.

For more information:

Exporting from the UK to Egypt | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Trade with Egypt - GOV.UK

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The Gambia is a democratic republic where the President is both the head of state and head of government, chosen by citizens through national elections every five years. The country moved away from over two decades of authoritarian rule in 2017, when long-time leader Yahya Jammeh left power after losing the 2016 elections. Since then, The Gambia has taken steps to strengthen its democracy. The current leader is President Adama Barrow, who began his second term in January 2022 after winning re-election.

For more information, please check out:

The Gambia Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank

The Gambia’s economy grew strongly in 2024, expanding by around 5.7%. Growth was driven by good agricultural harvests and a rebound in services, particularly tourism, while industrial activity slowed after major infrastructure projects were completed. Inflation eased to 11.7%, helping household purchasing power, and higher wages and public investment supported living standards, reducing extreme poverty to 16.2%. The government narrowed the budget deficit to 3.5% of GDP, and public debt fell to 70.6%, though debt risks remain elevated. The current account deficit widened to 5.7% of GDP due to large imports linked to international events. The central bank kept interest rates high at 17% to manage inflation, while foreign reserves remained stable at 4.7 months of imports.

For more information, please check out:

The Gambia Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank

The Gambia and the IMF

• Infrastructure and Construction: Infrastructure remains a key priority for the Gambian government, with major plans to improve roads, housing, and logistics that support trade and agriculture. These developments make construction and related services important growth areas.

• Energy and Renewables: Access to reliable and affordable energy is central to national plans, especially the expanding solar power. There are opportunities in renewable energy equipment, services, and sustainable technology.

• Tourism and Services: Tourism continues to play a vital role in the economy and is increasingly linked to digitalisation and ICT. Efforts to modernise the sector are creating demand for innovative tourism services and technology solutions.

For more information, please check out: 

The Gambia Investment & Export Promotion Agency

National Export Stratergy - NES 2021-2025.pdf

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Ghana’s economy showed strong signs of recovery in 2024, growing by around 5.7%, supported by solid performance in mining, agriculture, ICT, and construction. Inflation, which remained high at 23.8%, has started to fall and is expected to ease further as government reforms take effect. Fiscal management has also improved, with the budget deficit narrowing and a small surplus expected in 2025. On the external side, steady gold exports and remittance inflows have helped maintain foreign reserves at healthy levels, while efforts to restructure public debt aim to strengthen long-term stability.

Overall, Ghana’s outlook is improving, growth is steady, inflation is coming down, and continued reform and investment will be key to sustaining recovery and resilience.

For more information, please check out: Ghana: Fourth Review Under the Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility, Request for Modification of Performance Criteria, Financing Assurances Review, and Monetary Policy Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Ghana in: IMF Staff Country Reports Volume 2025 Issue 175 (2025)

The UK and Ghana are linked through an Interim Trade Partnership Agreement (TPA), which ensures smooth and continued trade between the two countries. The deal gives Ghana’s exports duty-free and quota-free access to the UK market, while Ghana is gradually reducing tariffs on UK goods, with some sensitive items excluded. The agreement also sets clear rules on tariffs and product origin, allowing UK exporters to benefit from flexible sourcing through cumulation with certain EU or third-country materials. Overall, the TPA strengthens trade ties, supports business confidence, and encourages sustainable economic growth in Ghana.

For more information, please check out:  Trade with Ghana - GOV.UK

Oil and Gas: Ghana’s offshore oil and gas reserves continue to be a major contributor to its economy, creating demand for advanced engineering, exploration, and production management services. New licensing rounds and international partnerships open space for businesses with expertise in energy operations, equipment, and technical support.

Financial Services and Fintech: Ghana’s financial sector is expanding rapidly, driven by growth in digital banking and efforts to strengthen regulation. This is creating strong potential for businesses offering fintech solutions, insurance services, digital payments, and financial training tools.

Infrastructure Development: The country’s need for improved roads, ports, railways, housing, and water systems is driving demand for public-private partnerships. Companies specialising in planning, design, construction, and project management can play a key role, particularly in transport and water infrastructure.

Agriculture and Agri-Technology: Agriculture remains vital to Ghana’s economy, and modernisation efforts are well underway. Businesses providing farm machinery, irrigation systems, food processing equipment, or agricultural technology can benefit from government incentives and initiatives supporting productivity and sustainability.

For more information, please check out: : Exporting from the UK to Ghana | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Enforcement of patents and other intellectual property rights can be inconsistent, which may pose risks for businesses relying on innovation or proprietary technology. This particularly affects sectors such as technology, manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals, where strong IP protection is essential.

Minimum Capital Requirement
Foreign investors face relatively high minimum capital requirements, which can make market entry more difficult for smaller businesses. This applies across sectors but has the greatest impact on small and medium-sized enterprises looking to establish a local presence.

For more information, please check out: : Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

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Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar 06 May 2026: West and East Africa

For more information, please check out: Government and Political System - The Embassy of The Republic of Kenya, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Kenya’s economy grew by 4.5% in 2024, slowing from 5.6% the previous year due to high interest rates, flooding, and increased government borrowing. Inflation eased to 4.5%, supported by tighter monetary policies and a stable exchange rate, which helped strengthen foreign reserves. Growth is expected to recover gradually to around 5% by 2026 as inflation falls, weather conditions improve, and private investment picks up. However, high public debt, remaining above 65% of GDP and exposure to climate risks such as floods and droughts continue to challenge long-term stability. Sustaining growth will depend on effective debt management, structural reforms, and stronger performance in key sectors like agriculture and manufacturing.

For more information, please check out: KENYA MPO

Healthcare
Kenya is making major investments to modernise its healthcare system, creating growing opportunities across multiple areas. Businesses offering digital health solutions such as AI, telemedicine, and electronic health records are well positioned to meet rising demand. There is also scope for companies involved in hospital design, construction, and management, as well as consultancy and remote diagnostic services. Expanding access to care in rural areas and strengthening medical training remain key national priorities.

Manufacturing
Manufacturing is central to Kenya’s job creation and economic diversification plans. The government is encouraging foreign investment through new special economic zones, tax incentives, and improved trade infrastructure, including upgrades to Mombasa Port. With its strategic location on the Indian Ocean, Kenya serves as a gateway to East and Central Africa, offering strong potential for businesses involved in textiles, clothing, food processing, and other labour-intensive industries.

For more information, please check out: For more information, check: Exporting from the UK to Kenya | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Kenya offers opportunities but businesses should be aware of risks. Competition from low-cost Eastern markets is strong, while high taxes and operating costs can limit margins. Bureaucracy, corruption, and counterfeiting remain common concerns, with Kenya ranking poorly on global corruption indexes despite government reforms. Security risks also exist in certain regions. UK businesses are advised to conduct thorough due diligence on partners and supply chains, be cautious with public procurement, and stay firm against requests for bribes to ensure compliance and avoid reputational risks.

For more information, please check out: Exporting from the UK to Kenya | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

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Nigeria is a federal republic made up of 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory. The country is led by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, who serves as both Head of State and Head of Government, supported by the Vice President and a team of ministers overseeing government departments.

The National Assembly, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, develops and approves laws, while the courts, led by the Supreme Court, operate independently to ensure fairness. National and state elections are held every four years, and presidents can serve a maximum of two terms.

For more information, please check out: 

 E-Government Portal

Governement – High Commission of the Federal Republic of Nigeria,Pretoria

Nigeria’s economy continued to expand in 2024, growing by around 3.4%, supported by stronger oil production and a resilient services sector. Reforms such as the removal of fuel subsidies and improvements to foreign exchange policy have helped stabilise markets and boost investor confidence. Inflation, while still high, is gradually easing, and growth is expected to remain steady over the next few years. However, challenges such as global price volatility, fiscal pressures, and security concerns remain key risks. Overall, Nigeria is moving toward greater economic stability, with reforms laying the foundation for more sustainable growth.

For more information, please check out:

Nigeria: 2025 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Nigeria

Strategic Partnership Agreement (2024): The UK and Nigeria formalised their relationship through a Strategic Partnership, creating a strong platform for long-term cooperation across trade, investment, security, and foreign policy. This provides businesses and institutions with a clearer framework for engagement and collaboration.

Trade and Investment Partnership (ETIP): The 2024 ETIP agreement reduces barriers to trade and improves access to Nigerian markets. It also encourages collaboration in areas such as green growth, manufacturing, and skills development, helping investors and companies plan projects with greater certainty.

Security and Cultural Cooperation: Cooperation extends beyond economics to include counterterrorism, cyber security, and tackling illicit finance, which strengthens the business environment. At the same time, education, cultural, and diaspora links foster long-term relationships and support social and professional networks.

For more information, please check out: Establishing the Nigeria-United Kingdom Strategic Partnership: joint communiqué - GOV.UK

Energy and Power: Nigeria possesses some of the world’s largest oil and gas reserves, yet production remains below potential due to outdated infrastructure and technology. Ongoing privatisation of parts of the power sector and support for renewable energy create openings for businesses offering modern power solutions, energy efficiency, oil and gas technology, and clean energy services.

Financial Services: Nigeria’s fintech sector is among the fastest growing in Africa, driven by digital banking, payments, and e-commerce. Partnerships such as the London Stock Exchange collaboration with Nigeria’s market enable easier capital raising and dual listings, offering opportunities for firms specialising in financial technology, investment services, and advisory support.

Infrastructure Development: Rapid urbanisation and population growth are increasing demand for roads, transport, housing, healthcare, and utilities. The government is using public–private partnerships to address these gaps, making it possible for businesses to provide construction, urban planning, project management, and materials supply for large-scale projects.

Agriculture: Agriculture employs a significant portion of the population but remains underdeveloped. Government initiatives like the Anchor Borrower’s Programme are expanding access to finance, equipment, and inputs, creating scope for businesses providing machinery, advanced farming technologies, training, and supply chain solutions to improve productivity and food security.

For more information, please check out: Exporting from the UK to Nigeria | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

For any trade barriers, please check out: Check for barriers to trading and investing abroad - GOV.UK

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Rwanda is a sovereign, democratic republic, where the President is the head of state and government, serving a five-year term and can be re-elected once. The current President is Paul Kagame. The Legislature is bicameral, made up of two chambers: the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Rwanda recognises multiple political parties, and political organisations collaborate in a consultative forum. 

For more information, please check out:

Governance

The President

Rwanda’s economy grew strongly in 2024, with GDP rising by about 8.9%, driven by services, manufacturing, and a recovery in food production. This growth was driven by higher household spending, supported by job creation (especially in rural areas) and investment. Inflation eased to 2.5% in late 2024 as food supplies improved and prices stabilised, though it edged up to 6.5% in early 2025 still within the central bank’s target range. The fiscal deficit is being reduced as part of ongoing fiscal consolidation, while public debt is projected to peak at about 86.4% of GDP in 2026 before gradually declining. Rwanda’s international reserves remained adequate, covering about 5.4 months of imports at the end of 2024.

Looking ahead, growth is expected to slow slightly, averaging 7.2% between 2025 and 2027, with services remaining the main driver alongside efforts to expand manufacturing. Poverty is projected to fall from 47.6% in 2024 to around 46.3% in 2026, supported by steady growth in private consumption. Risks remain, however, including, global economic uncertainty, and vulnerability to climate-related shocks in agriculture.

For more information, please check out:

RWANDA MPO

Agriculture - Agriculture makes up a large share of Rwanda’s economy and employs most of the population. The government is prioritising commercial farming, which creates demand for modern equipment, improved inputs, and agribusiness services.

Energy - Electricity supply in Rwanda is still limited, but the government has ambitious plans to expand access and increase renewable energy generation, particularly hydro and methane gas. This opens opportunities in power generation, distribution, and related technology.

Infrastructure - Major projects are underway to improve roads, railways, and airports. These developments create openings for companies supplying construction materials, engineering expertise, and transport solutions.

ICT (Technology) - Rwanda aims to position itself as a regional technology hub. Investments in broadband infrastructure, public Wi-Fi, and 4G expansion highlight opportunities in digital services, software, and telecom-related sectors.

Finance and Business Services – Rwanda’s financial sector is growing, with mobile banking and microfinance expanding rapidly. There is potential for new financial products, fintech solutions, and professional business services.

For more information, please check out:

Doing business in Rwanda: Rwanda trade and export guide - GOV.UK

Infrastructure gaps: Despite improvements, Rwanda’s transport and energy networks remain limited. Poor infrastructure and uneven electricity supply raise operating costs for businesses.

High cost of electricity: Energy is relatively expensive compared to other markets, which can affect competitiveness and long-term investment decisions.

Doing business in Rwanda: Rwanda trade and export guide - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar 06 May 2026: West and East Africa

• Agriculture and Agribusiness: Senegal produces peanuts, mangoes, cotton, and fish with strong regional and international demand. Businesses offering processing technology, packaging solutions, cold storage, and training services can help add value and enhance exports.

• Fisheries and Seafood: The country’s coastal waters support a rich fishing industry, supplying fish, shrimp, and octopus. Companies providing seafood processing, preservation, and compliance solutions for international standards can find growth opportunities.

• Mining and Energy: Activities in gold, and hydrocarbons are expanding, especially on local processing and downstream industries. Businesses delivering industrial equipment, energy infrastructure, and green technology solutions are well positioned to support this sector.

• Infrastructure and Logistics: Large-scale projects, including the Dakar-Diamniadio Toll Highway and Vision 2050 regional hubs, are boosting demand for modern transport, storage, and logistics. Firms offering engineering, consultancy, and innovative financing models can contribute to these developments.

For more information, please check out: Senegal's Trade Relations: Opportunities for Exporters and Importers | senegalembassy.co.uk

• Infrastructure gaps: Roads, ports, and logistics systems are still developing, which can increase costs and delays.
• Bureaucracy and customs: Complex procedures can slow trade, requiring patience and local partnerships.
• Regulatory environment: Senegal ranks mid-range globally in ease of doing business, meaning that red tape and compliance requirements remain obstacles.
• Competition: Regional and international players, including from the EU and China, are already active, so UK businesses will need to differentiate through quality, standards, and trust.

For more information, please check out: Senegal's Trade Relations: Opportunities for Exporters and Importers | senegalembassy.co.uk

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar 06 May 2026: West and East Africa

Strong Trade Partnership: The UK and Australia enjoy one of the most comprehensive trade relationships globally, strengthened by the Australia–UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that took effect in May 2023. The deal has removed tariffs on most goods, made it easier for businesses to invest, and created new opportunities across multiple sectors.

Close Government Collaboration: Regular government-to-government engagement ensures trade and investment remain smooth and forward-looking. Ongoing cooperation covers areas such as professional qualifications, digital trade, sustainability, innovation, and cultural industries, helping businesses operate more efficiently across both markets.

Shared International Goals: Both countries work together in global forums including the WTO, CPTPP, G20, and the Commonwealth. Their joint focus on open trade, clean energy, and critical minerals underscores a shared commitment to sustainable growth and global stability.

For more information, please check out: 

Australia-UK FTA negotiations fact sheet | Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

Australia and the UK

List of UK-Australia FTA provisions relevant to SMEs - GOV.UK

Statement on Australia-UK Ministerial Consultations (AUKMIN) July 2025 - GOV.UK

Financial Services & Fintech: Australia has one of the world’s highest fintech adoption rates, supported by frameworks that encourage international collaboration. Opportunities exist in areas such as open banking, digital payments, and online financial services, where there is strong demand for innovative solutions that improve access, security, and customer experience.

Technology & Innovation: Digital transformation remains a key national focus, creating space for businesses offering advanced technologies in artificial intelligence, blockchain, cleantech, and agritech. With a skilled workforce, strong research base, and openness to global partnerships, Australia provides a strategic environment for innovation and technology-driven growth.

Infrastructure & Smart Cities: Over AUD 100 billion is being invested in infrastructure by 2029, including major transport and urban projects such as Western Sydney Airport and new metro systems. These developments create opportunities in project management, construction, sustainable design, and smart city solutions, especially in housing and urban planning.

E-commerce & Retail: Australia’s e-commerce market continues to expand, with a large share of consumers shopping online through established platforms. Businesses offering quality products, strong branding, and efficient logistics can tap into a growing digital marketplace across fashion, lifestyle, and consumer goods.

Cyber Security: The cyber security sector is rapidly growing, driven by government funding and increased digital adoption across industries. Demand is high for solutions that strengthen network resilience, protect data, and secure digital health systems. Collaboration with local firms can support long-term growth and innovation in this evolving sector.

For more information, please check out: 

Exporting from the UK to Australia | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Selling goods to Australia

Luxury Car Tax (Automotive): Australia imposes a 33% tax on vehicles above certain thresholds (AUD $77,565 for fuel-efficient cars and AUD $68,740 for others). This significantly raises the cost of UK car exports, affecting competitiveness in the automotive sector.

Alcohol Excise Tax (Food & Drink): Australia applies a lower excise tax on brandy compared with other spirits (AUD $81.16 vs. AUD $86.90 per litre). This favours domestic producers and disadvantages UK exports such as whisky and gin.

For more information, please check out: Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar 2 September 2026: Australia/ New Zealand
 

China operates as a one-party state led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), which directs all major political, military, and social institutions. Xi Jinping, in power since 2012, serves as CPC General Secretary, President, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, placing him at the centre of decision-making. 

The system is designed to ensure long-term policy continuity, and keep the CPC at the core of political and economic development.

For more information, please check out:

Country policy and information note: opposition to the state, China, December 2023 (accessible) - GOV.UK

Summary of China's Political System - USNI News

Retail and Consumer Products:
China’s growing middle class is driving demand for safe, high-quality, and internationally branded goods, particularly in food, drink, and lifestyle products. With tariffs easing and consumer awareness rising, West Midlands businesses offering premium, well-branded products that emphasise craftsmanship and authenticity can find a strong market presence.

Online and E-Commerce Growth: China’s booming digital economy and widespread use of e-commerce platforms like Taobao, Tmall, and JD.com have transformed how consumers shop. Businesses can tap into this vast online marketplace through cross-border e-commerce, reaching millions of buyers without the need for a physical presence.

Technology and Innovation: Massive investment in advanced technologies such as AI, big data, green tech, and smart cities is creating new space for collaboration. Business innovators and tech firms can explore partnerships that provide access to cutting-edge research hubs, funding opportunities, and large-scale commercial projects.

Education, Healthcare, and Life Sciences:
China’s continued investment in education and healthcare is creating a strong need for international expertise and high-quality services. Businesses specialising in digital learning, training, medical devices, and pharmaceuticals can support these national priorities, contributing to improved systems and better outcomes across key sectors.

For more information, please check out: 

Exporting from the UK to China | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

For any trade barriers, please check out: Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar, 07 October 2026: China

India is a parliamentary democratic republic. The country is led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who heads the national government and Council of Ministers, while President Droupadi Murmu serves as the ceremonial head of state. India’s bicameral Parliament consists of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States), with the government accountable to the Lok Sabha. Each state and Union Territory has its own government led by a Chief Minister or Lieutenant Governor. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority and operates independently.

For more information, please check out:

Governance & Administration| National Portal of India

Know the PM | Prime Minister of India

Home | President of India

While India offers huge potential for UK exporters, doing business there can still be challenging. India has the highest average tariffs among G20 countries, with some products facing duties of over 100%. The services market is also highly restricted, ranked as the eighth most difficult globally by the OECD. Many UK businesses find the regulatory environment complex and unpredictable, which can increase both the cost and risk of market entry. Despite these challenges, interest in the Indian market remains strong, and the ongoing trade discussions between the UK and India aim to make market access more open and stable for British companies.

For more information, please check out: 

UK-India trade deal: conclusion agreement summary - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar, 02 December 2026: India

New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. The Head of State is King Charles III, represented locally by the Governor-General, Dame Cindy Kiro. Day-to-day government is led by the Prime Minister, currently Christopher Luxon, together with Ministers chosen from elected Members of Parliament.

New Zealand uses a Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) voting system, which usually means parties need to work together to form a government. Parliament makes laws, decides on taxes and spending, and monitors government work. The Prime Minister and Ministers run the country and set policies, while the courts interpret and apply the law independently. This separation ensures that power is balanced across different parts of the government.

For more information, please check out:

How government works | New Zealand Government

New Zealand’s economy grew by 1.5% in 2024, following a sharp contraction in earlier years. Growth is forecast at 0.8% in 2025 and 1.7% in 2026, though uncertainty in global trade and new tariffs from the United States are expected to limit the pace of recovery. Inflation stood at 2.4% in 2024, with projections of 2.5% in 2025 and 2.1% in 2026. Unemployment was 6.4% in 2024 and is likely to rise to around 5.4% in late 2025 before easing again in 2026. Exports of commodities performed strongly in late 2024 and tourism recovered to 85% of pre-pandemic levels, but household spending and business investment stayed weak.

A new 10% U.S. tariff on imports from April 2025 will particularly affect beef exports and could pressure New Zealand’s wider trade performance. To stabilise conditions, the Reserve Bank cut the official cash rate from 5% to 3.5% between August 2024 and April 2025, with further reductions expected towards 3%. The government has also introduced the “Investment Boost”, allowing companies to deduct 20% of new asset purchases from taxable income, aimed at lifting productivity and investment. Despite external pressures, New Zealand is maintaining relatively low inflation, steady public finances, and new measures to attract investment, all of which support a cautious but ongoing recovery.

For more information, please check out:

New Zealand: OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2025 Issue 1 | OECD

Strong Trade Relationship: The UK and New Zealand enjoy a long-standing partnership, with trade in goods and services reaching £3.7 billion in 2024. Around 82% of goods traded between the two countries already make use of preferential tariff rates, saving businesses on both sides millions in duties. The UK is also a top investor in New Zealand, and both countries work closely in global forums such as the G7, G20, OECD, NATO, Commonwealth, and UN.

UK–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA): The FTA, signed in 2022 and in force since May 2023, provides permanent preferential access. It reduces tariffs across goods, supports trade in services, and protects investment. By the end of 2024, over £752m in goods benefited from tariff preferences, giving exporters certainty and cost savings. Both countries are committed to a rules-based trading system and use the FTA as a platform to expand cooperation. As members of the CPTPP, they aim to modernise trade rules, broaden opportunities, and defend open markets against protectionism.

Joint Initiatives and Future Collaboration.
The UK–New Zealand FTA has already delivered several practical initiatives.

• The engineers’ Admissions Pathways Agreement has been renewed, making it easier for professionals to have their qualifications recognised across both countries.
•  A legal services dialogue has been launched to reduce regulatory barriers for firms operating internationally.
• Both governments are advancing dialogues on sustainable finance and women in STEM to encourage inclusive growth.
• Cooperation is also extending into future-focused areas such as offshore wind, green hydrogen, and eco-labelling, with a strong emphasis on low-carbon technologies.

For more information, please check out:

Joint trade statement between New Zealand and United Kingdom - GOV.UK

Infrastructure Development: New Zealand is investing heavily in transport, housing, and water systems, with NZ$129 billion in projects planned between 2019 and 2029. Major works such as metro rail, housing development, and wastewater upgrades are creating strong opportunities for  expertise in engineering, urban planning, project management, and construction services.

Technology and Digital Innovation: The technology sector is New Zealand’s fastest-growing industry, with strong demand for AI, machine learning, big data, cyber security, and cloud services. Its small but advanced market makes it an ideal testing ground for UK tech scale-ups and offers opportunities for collaboration in digital transformation and emerging technologies.

Agriculture: As agriculture is New Zealand’s largest export sector, there is growing demand for agri-tech to boost productivity and sustainability. Companies with expertise in precision farming, robotics, animal genetics, and aquaculture are well placed to partner in a market that shares similar farming conditions and seasonal advantages.

Food and Drink: There is strong consumer demand for high-quality British food and drink, with opportunities in cheese, organic produce, craft beer, cider, confectionery, and “free-from” or specialist products. Online retail is expanding rapidly, giving UK exporters direct access to New Zealand’s consumer base.

For more information, please check out:

Exporting from the UK to New Zealand | business.gov.uk - business.gov.uk

Professional qualifications (Financial and professional services, Education and training): Recognition of UK qualifications is complex and costly.

Search results - Check International Trade Barriers - GOV.UK

Here you will find inspiring stories from businesses that have successfully expanded into this market as well as upcoming events and other useful links.

If you’d like to share your own export journey, please contact us.

Upcoming: Global Market Insight webinar 2 September 2026: Australia/ New Zealand